human growth and development

Infancy conflict

Trust v Mistrust

Infancy age

birth-1year

Toddler conflict

Autonomy v Shame/Doubt

Toddler age

1-3 years

Preschool Conflict

Initiative v Guilt

Preschool age

3-6year

Elementary conflict

confidence v inferiority

elementary age

6-12 years

Adolescence conflict

finding identity v role confusion

Adolescence age

12-18

young adult conflict

intimacy v isolation

young adult age

19-40

middle adult conflict

generativity v stagnation

middle adult age

40-65

old age conflict

ego integrity v despair

4 main types of growth

Physical, Mental, Emotional, Social

Development definition

changes and maturation of physical and mental capacities and learning

Growth definition

changes in size that occurs throughout a persons life

Human growth and development process

begins at birth and does not end till death

Infancy facts

language is the cry, eats every 2-3 hours, uncoordinated movements, toothless, poor vision, doubles weight by 9 months, at 9-12 months they develop better control over hands and fingers

1 year old facts

ability for passive language, tentative sense of independence, determined explorer

two year old facts

begins to communicate verbally, can speak 3-4 word sentences, will play side by side with other children

three year old facts

climbs stairs with alternating feet, can briefly stand on one foot

four year old facts

imagination is vivid, develops fears

five year old facts

can accurately copy figures, may begin to read

late childhood facts

both large and small muscles well developed, developed complex motor skills, same sex group activities, acceptance by peers is very important

adolescence facts

traumatic life stage for child and parent, puberty, extremely concerned with appearance, trying to establish self identity, confrontations with authority

anorexia nervosa

refusal to eat

bulimia

not eating for a period of time followed by binging

bulimarexia

inducing vomiting or using laxatives to get rid of food

leading cause of death among adolescence

suicide

young adult facts

physical development complete emotional maturation continue to develop

middle adulthood facts

hair begins to thin and turn grey, wrinkles, hearing and vision decrease, muscles lose tone

late adulthood facts

fastest growing age group of society, physical deterioration, very concerned with health and finances

Individual differences

culture, ethnic, religious, physical, personality

Death is referred to

final stage of growth

terminal illness definition

illness that cannot be cured and will result in death

hospice definition

palliative care is support and comfort given to someone with 6 months or less to live

Elizabeth Kubler Ross

Identified 5 emotional stages experienced by dying individuals

Denial

cannot accept reality of death, reject ideas

Anger

blame on themselves and others, can no longer deny truth

bargaining

strong will to live, promise to god, complete unfinished business

depression

sadness, overwhelming despair, withdrawal, regrets

acceptance

help people cope, settle unfinished business

Physical fears involved with death

helplessness, dependence, loss of physical faculties, pain

Social fears involved with death

separation from family, leaving behind unfinished business

Emotional fears involved with death

being unprepared for death and what happens after death

Interventions for fears

talk as needed, avoid superficial answers, provide religious support, stay with patient as needed, work with families

Right to die

Refusal of care that will prolong life

Advanced directives

a living will, DNR, Durable power of attorney

maslows hierarchy of needs

physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem, self actualization

Physiological needs

food, water, oxygen, sleep, protection from extreme temperatures, sensory needs, motor needs, elimination

Safety needs

need to be free from anxiety or fear, secure in the environment, order and routine

belonging and love needs

social acceptance, need to belong, sexuality, reproductive capabilities

esteem needs

feeling important and worthwile, self confidence

self actualization needs

self realization, obtain full potential, confidence, express belief

how do we meet our needs

trial and error, stress reactions, challenges and responsibilities

direct methods to meet needs

hard work, setting realistic goals, cooperating with others, evaluating effectively

indirect methods to meet needs

suppression, projecting, denial, rationalization, compensation

inadequate defense mechanisms

chronic complaining and demanding behavior, agitation with manipulation behavior, restlessness, sleeplessness, depression, withdrawal

Genetics definition

area of biology that deals with passing of genes from parents to children

How are genetic diseases created

mutated genes become disease genes

Single Gene diseases

result from individual mutant gene, create abnormalities

single gene disease examples

cystic fibrosis, hemophilia

chromosomal diseases

result from chromosome breakage, additional or missing chromosome

Trisomy

3 copies of a chromosome, fatal

Monosomy

single chromosome, fatal

non fatal chromosomal diseases

turner syndrome, down syndrome

Gene therapy

treatment of single cell disease by replacing mutant genes

genetic engineering

recombinant DNA, imitation and artificial manipulation of DNA

how long is neonatal development

first 4 weeks of life

what does the Apgar scale do

rates appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration

Healthy apgar score

7-10

Unhealth apgar score

4-6

Rooting reflex

when cheek is stroked, baby turns head toward stimulation

Sucking reflex

Sucks on fingers in mouth

Palmar reflex

Grasps finger in hand

Moro reflex

Baby feels like falling when startled

Newborn sensory capabilities

preference for things sweet over salty things, turn head away from bad smells, interested in hearing human voices, everything appears blurry

Newborn states of arrousal

regular sleep, irregular sleep, drowsiness, quiet alertness, waking activity or crying

Premature birth

weigh less than expected, catch infections, brain damage, placed in incubators

Respiratory distress syndrome

air sacs collapse which makes breathing strenuous, attached to respirators, can result from premature birth

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Infant dies during sleep with no indication or trauma, can happen in babies 2 weeks-6months, no cause, cure, or prevention

Puberty definition

period where adolescence reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction

why is there frustration in early childhood

they havent learned to express emotions in acceptable ways

what motivates us to act

our needs

what is chemical abuse

substance/drug abuse

Concerns in infancy

develop trust, rapid growth, weight triples, needs met means trust, depend on adult for survival

infancy major life event

feeding

Toddler concerns

sense of independence, parents is the relationship, emotional self control, want to do everything themselves

Preschool concerns

assert power, interact with peers, imagine as an adult, ask many questions

preschool major life event

independence

elementary concerns

develop sense of pride, personal and formal rules, confidence reinforced

elementary major life event

school

adolescence concerns

suicide, chemical abuse, eating disorders, drift from parents, not child but not adult, period of storm and stress, find identity

adolescence major life event

peers

young adult concerns

pursue additional education, social acceptance

young adult major life event

finding loving relationships

middle adulthood concerns

vision and hearing decline, hair turns grey, understanding of life, financial problems

middle adulthood major life event

parenting