foot - layers, ligaments, joints, and support systems

ankle joints pneumonic

ts pmo

t

talocrural joint

s

subtalar joint

talocrural joint (type + actions)

hinge-type, dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

subtalar joint (type + actions)

planar/gliding joint, inversion, eversion

medial ligaments

deltoid ligament, posterior tibiotalar

parts of the deltoid ligament

tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar

lateral ankle ligaments

anterior + posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament

inversion injury

ruptured anterior talofibular

dynamic support

tibialis anterior + posterior, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, intrinsic plantar muscle

1st layer

abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis

2nd layer

quadratus plantae, lumbricals

3rd layer

flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis

4th layer + numbers

plantar (3) + dorsal interossei (4)

plantar fascitis causes

overuse, overweigh, sudden + repeated movement

plantar fascitis treatment

pain relief, physical therapy, heel support, footwear splints

anterior compartment syndrome cause

trauma, overuse

anterior compartment syndrome impacts

anterior tibial artery is compressed → weak dorsalis pedis

deep fibular nerve is compressed → weak dorsiflexion

plantar foot skin features

thickest layer, lots of sweat glands, bound to deep fascia

medial tendons work with which muscles

tibialis anterior and posterior

lateral tendons work with which muscles

fibularis longus and brevis

plantar aponeurosis functions

• longitudinal arch support

• absorb shock

• protect against compression

gait cycle

heel strike, stance, toe-off, swing, heel strike

what is gait essentially

series of controlled falls

gait is what 75% of the time

on one leg

gait abnormalities

lesion

running energy + phase

aerial phase, elastic energy

running energy storage

quadriceps tendon, patellar ligament, calcaneal tendon