flexor reflex works in conjunction with what other reflex and to do what
crossed extensor reflex ; to keep upright/maintains one’s balance
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how many pairs of cervical nerves are there
8 pairs
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how many pairs of thoracic nerves are there
12 pairs
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how many pairs of lumbar nerves are there
5 pairs (l)
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how many pairs of sacral nerves are there
5 pairs (s)
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how many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there
1 pair
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what are the connective tissue sheaths of the spinal nerve
* endoneurium * perineurium * epineurium
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the endoneurium consists of what
wrapping of each nerve fibers
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the perineurium consists of what
surrounds group of nerve fibers forming a fascicle
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the epineurium consists of what
covering of entire nerve
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the connective tissue sheaths make up what
the spinal nerve
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spinal nerves are formed from what
dorsal and ventral roots
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the dorsal root consists of what axon
sensory
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the ventral root consist of what axon
motor axon
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what are the principal parts of the brain
* **cerebrum** * lobes * **diencephalon** * thalamus and hypothalamus * **cerebellum** * **brainstem** * medulla, pons, and midbrain
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what is proprioception
concept of motion that utilizes many systems over time
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what systems are involved in proprioception
vision, nervous system, and vestibular system (vertebrae works with auditory system)
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are the brain meninges same or different than the spinal cord
same (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater)
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what is the function of the cerebral spinal fluid
* mechanical protection * floats brain and softens impact with bony walls * chemical protection * optimal ionic concentrations for action potential * circulation * nutrients and waste products to and from the bloodstream
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what is the continuation of the spinal cord in the brain
medulla oblongata
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the medulla oblongata is the center for
cardiovascular and respiratory
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the most significant part of the brainstem that contributes to vegetative states is what and what are some examples
the medulla oblongata; blood pressure, nausea, etc
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the pons helps with what
controlling breathing
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the midbrain consist of what
* cerebral peduncles * clusters of motor & sensory fibers * substantia nigra * helps control subconscious activity * red nucleus * rich bloody supply & iron containing pigment
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the reticular activating system does what
maintains **consciousness**
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the cerebellum contains what
arbor vitae
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what is the function of the cerebellum
to maintain balance and coordination; monitor all complex and coordinated events
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the superior part of the diencephalon walls is what
the thalamus
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the inferior part of the walls & floor of the diencephalon is what
the hypothalamus
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what does the thalamus do
it is the relay station and great filter of the CNS
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what does the hypothalamus do
regulate homeostasis
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what are the many functions of the hypothalamus
* control and integrate activities of the ANS * synthesizes regulatory hormones that control the anterior pituitary * regulate rage, aggression, pain, pleasure & arousal * controls body temperature * regulates daily patterns of sleep