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Stages of the Hero's Journey: stage 1

The hero is introduced in his/her ORDINARY WORLD.

Stages of a Hero's Journey stage 2

call to action

Stages of a Hero's Journey stage 3

refusal of the call

stages of a hero's journey stage 4

The hero is encouraged by the Wise Old Man or Woman. (MEETING WITH THE MENTOR.)

stages of a heros journey stage 5

The hero passes the first threshold. (CROSSING THE THRESHOLD.)

stages of a heros journey stage 6

The hero encounters tests and helpers. (TESTS, ALLIES, ENEMIES.)

stages of a heros journey stage 7

The hero reaches the innermost cave. (APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE.)

stages of a heros journey stage 8

The hero endures the supreme ORDEAL.

stages of a heros journey stage 9

The hero seizes the sword. (SEIZING THE SWORD, REWARD)

stages of a heros journey stage 10

THE ROAD BACK.

stages of a heros journey stage 11

RESURRECTION.

stages of a heros journey stage 12

RETURN WITH THE ELIXIR

monomyth

the common heroic narrative in which a heroic protagonist sets out, has transformative adventures, and returns home. It is a useful formula for comparing literary traditions across time and culture.

Archetype

stock characters in all stories

Joseph Campbell wrote

The Hero with a Thousand Faces

the antihero

Central character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. may lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples.

the antihero examples

Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, Han Solo from Star Wars, Severus Snape, Ironman, patrick bateman

antihero story

1. brainwashed, typical member of society
2.finds other outsiders to voice his questions too, begins to object
3. unwisly shares those to an authority figure
4. openly challenges society, tries to fight against the lies and tactics used to opress the populace (heroric opposition)
5. maybe they succeed w impossible luck, may run away and escapes, usually though, they are killed or brainwashed

reason why antihero isn't a hero

no heroic triumph
-no brave individual standing up against impersonal institutions of a modern world inspiring those to fight
-or ending evil empire
-we are not strong enough to defeat the monsters

monster

something or someone outside the bounds of acceptable form or behavior
-act monstrously
-transgress some kind of social boundary
-particular brans of monstrosity often embody particular human emotions
-shapeshifters can decieve or lead to uncontrollable urges (werewolves, vampires)
-vampires urge for human blood
-monsters kill people!

example of monsters

vampire (urge for human blood, pretty serious transgression of social norms)
-wendigos quintessential monster

difference between monsters and magical creature

monster- unmotivated wickedness toward humans
magical creature- not social norms but no violent urges

Why do monsters exist?

1. monsters sent by gods to punish humans for some trangression
2. got to give heros smth to fight
3. messages

The Anglo Saxons 449-

1066

who arrives in 55 BC

Julius Ceaser

\___________________ return a century later; \_______________ becomes a Roman province

Romans return a century later; Britain becomes Roman province

Romans introduce \_____________, \________________, \_________________, Christianity

Romans introduce cities, roads, scholarship, Christianity

\________ century- Romans abruptly leave

5th Century—Romans abruptly leave

No \_____________; no \____________ \= target for \______________

No government; no rule\=target for invasion

The Vikings arrive around \___________

The Vikings Arrive around 790

where are the vikings from

From Denmark and Normandy

what did the vikings do

Looted, killed, destroyed many villages

\___________________________ defeats the Danes and \__________ the English

Alfred the Great defeats the Danes and unites the English

1042- the \________________ Conquest; Edward the \______________ swore an oath to \____________________ of Normandy, naming him his heir

1042—The Norman Conquest: Edward the Confessor (descendent of Alfred) swore an oath to William of Normandy (apparently), naming him his heir

An English council selects \_____________ instead; William invades and defeats Harold at the Battle of \_______________ in 1066

An English council selects Harold instead
William invades and defeats Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066

The Norman Conquest ENDS Anglo Saxon dominance in \_________________

Norman Conquest ends Anglo-Saxon dominance in England

Wyrd:

Wyrd: fate

Anglo-Saxon Life

Cold
Isolated
Loss
Death
VERY DIFFICULT

Beowulf- \__________ century

8th century...around 740 A.D.

Writer is \__________________

anonymous

who are the characters in beowulf

Characters are Danes

Setting is \______________ and \_________________

Setting is Denmark, Sweden

Thane- \_________________

Thane—King's warrior

Mead hall \_____________

Mead hall—tavern

Define epic

narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds

stock epithet

descriptive word or phrase which an author regularly uses to describe an object or more often, a person

Kennings

metaphorical phrases or compound words used to name a person, place, things or event indirectly

Byrnies

shirts of chain mail

BEO-WULF—

"bear-like" "descendent of bears"

Beowulf

Geat; son of Edgetho, nephew of Higlac, king of the Geats

Grendel

man eating monster; lives at the bottom of a lake; Old Norse grindill means "storm"

Hrothgar

King of the Danes

Herot:

golden guest hall built by Hrothgar

Unferth

A Danish warrior who is jealous of Beowulf, Unferth is unable or unwilling to fight Grendel, thus proving himself inferior to Beowulf.

Hrunting

Beowulf's sword

pagan elements: The dead are \______________

The dead are cremated

pagan

A follower of a polytheistic religion

pagan elements: \______________ are observed to modify or direct human behavior and conduct

Omens are observed to modify or direct human behavior and conduct

pagan elements: \______________are given (or vowed) at the temples of idols

Sacrifices are given (or vowed) at the temples of idols

pagan elements: Praise of \______________

Praise of worldly glory

pagan elements: Theme of \____________________________ present

Theme of blood and vengeance present

pagan elements: wyrd

Power of wyrd (fate)

chiristian elements in Beowulf

Although no mention of Christ, the presence of Christian motifs and symbols indicates Christian influence

christian elements: Generous God contrasts with \______________ Wyrd (fate)

Generous God contrasts with blind and hostile Wyrd (fate)

christian elements: \______________ giants before the flood; \______________mentioned

Cain, giants before the flood; Satan mentioned

christian elements: Virtues of \______________, unselfishness, and service to others are \______________

Virtues of moderation, unselfishness, and service to others are highly praised

christian elements: \______________ to the dead--chiefly celebrating a "hero's" kindness and gentleness

Final tribute to the dead--chiefly celebrating a "hero's" kindness and gentleness

asks for beowulfs help

Hrothgar

shepherd of evil

Grendel

The Mead Hall is called

Herot

loyal to Higlac

Beowulf

Grendels ancestor

Cain

number of men grendel kills

30

number of men beowulf brings

14

number of years beowulf rules the geats

50

beowulfs weapon

hands

grendels weapon

sin-stained demon

beowulfs sword

Hrunting

grendels mother is killed

hammered by giants

arm, claw, shoulder

grendel is defeated

water-witch

Grendel's mother

the one who remained with beowulf

wiglaf

Alliteration

the repetition of initial consonant sounds

Allusion

a reference to a well-known person, character, place, or event that a writer makes to deepen the reader's understanding of their work

Antithesis

a contrast or opposition between two things

Assonance-

the repetition of vowel sounds

Cadence

the patterning or rhythm in natural speech

Caesura

a stop or a pause in the middle of a metrical line

Closed Form

a poem that conforms to a poetic structure

Conceits-

elaborate comparisons between two very unlike thing to create an imaginative connection between them

Connotation-

meanings or associations readers have with a word

Consonance

repetition of consonant sounds within words

Denotation-

literal definition of a word

Diction-

word choice

Elegy-

a contemplative poem on death and mortality, often written for someone who has died.

End rhyme-

repetition of the same sounds at the end of a line

Enjambment-

poetic technique in which one line ends without a pause and must continue on to the next line (run on line)

Extended metaphor

a metaphor that continues over several lines or throughout an entire literary work

Feet (metrical)

combinations of patterns of stressed or unstressed syllables within a line of poetry

Free verse

poetry without regular meter or rhyme scheme