Cell Transport

What are the 4 main biomolecules?

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

What is the cell membrane made of?

Phospholipid bilayer

What does “hydrophobic” mean?

Water-fearing

What does “hydrophilic” mean?

Water-loving

What are the components of a phospholipid?

A glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group.

What model describes the cell membrane?

Fluid Mosaic Model

What does selective permeability mean?

Only certain molecules can pass through

What type of transport needs energy?

Active transport

What type of transport moves from high to low concentration?

Passive transport

What is diffusion?

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water through a membrane

What is facilitated diffusion?

Movement through a protein channel, no energy needed

What happens in a hypotonic solution?

Water enters the cell; it swells

What happens in a hypertonic solution?

Water leaves the cell; it shrinks

What happens in an isotonic solution?

Water moves equally; no size change

What does cholesterol do in the membrane?

Strengthens and stabilizes the membrane

What is ATP used for?

Energy for active transport

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining stable internal conditions

What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

Plasmolysis (membrane pulls away from wall)

What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?

Lysis (cell bursts)

What are examples of passive transport?

Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion