Anatomy

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

anabolic metabolism

cellular process in which large molecules are built up from smaller ones

catabolic metabolism

Processes by which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together

cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

organ

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Organism

An individual living thing, made up of one or many cells, that is capable of growing and reproducing.

frontal

forehead

Nasal

nose

ocular, orbital

eye

otic

ear

Buccal

cheek

Cervical

neck

Thoracic

chest

mammary

breast

Abdominal

abdomen

Umbilical

navel

Pelvic

pelvis

manual

hand

inguinal

groin

Pubic

pubis

Femoral

thigh

pedal

foot

Cephalic

head

Cranial

skull

facial

face

oral

mouth

mental

chin

Brachial

arm

Antecubital

front of elbow

Antabrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

Palmar

palm

Pollex

thumb

digits

fingers, toes

Patellar

kneecap

Crural

leg

Tarsal

ankle

hallux

great toe

Acromial

shoulder

Dorsal

back

Olecranal

back of elbow

Lumbar

loin

Gluteal

buttock

popliteal

back of knee

Sural

calf

Calcaneal

heel of foot

plantar

sole of foot

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Lateral

away from the midline

Medial

toward the midline

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

cranial or cephalic

toward the head

posterior or dorsal

back of body

Anterior

front of the body

Caudual

toward the feet

superficial

(adj.) on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

serous membrane (serosa)

Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluid
-peritoneum
-pericardium
-pleura

peritoneum

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

pleura

Membrane surrounding the lungs

frontal plane (coronal plane)

Divides the body into front and back portions.

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

refers to the area encompassing the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, medial portion of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in women or the right spermatic duct in men

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in women or the left spermatic duct in men

right hypochondriac region

liver, gallbladder

epigastric region

located above the stomach

left hypochondriac region

left upper region below the rib cartilage

right lumbar region

ascending colon of large intestine

umbilical region

The centermost region, which includes the umbilicus

left lumbar region

left middle region near the waist

right inguinal region

right lower region of the lower row by the groin

hypogastric (pubic) region

immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area

left inguinal region

left lower region of the lower row by the groin

Serous membranes

Line body cavities that lack openings to the outside

Chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Atom

Smallest particle of an element

subatomic particles

protons, neutrons, electrons

Protons

Positively charged particles

Nuetrons

Neutral particles that don't have an electric charge

Electrons

Negatively charged particles

Nuclues

in the cell body, carries genetic material of the cell

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

electron cloud

a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found

electron shell

An energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom.

isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

mass number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

Deuterium

An isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron in the nucleus having an atomic weight of 2.014

Radioisotopes

Isotopes that have unstable nuclei and undergo radioactive decay.

half-life

length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay