TEAS Exam Anatomy

Gastrin

produced in the stomach and stimulates stomach acid

Cephalic

Head

Cranial

skull

occipital

base of the skull

Frontal

Forehead

Temporal

Temperal

Orbital

Eye

otic

ear

Bukal

Cheek

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

mental

chin

Cervical

Neck

Sternal

Breastbone

Thoratec

Chest

Mammary

Breast

Acromial

Shoulder

Scapular

Shoulder blade

Vertebral

Spinal Column

Lumbar

Lower back

Dorsal

Back

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

Arm

Antecubital

front of the elbow

Cubital

Back of the elbow

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Pollex

thumb

Dorsum

Back of the hand

Manual

Hand

Digital/phalangeal

fingers

Abdominal

abdomen

Umbilical

Navel

coxa

hip

sacral

Between the hips

Coccygeal

tailbone

Gluteal

butt

pelvic

pelvis

Perineal

area between anus and external genitals

inguinal

groin

Femoral

thigh

Patella

front of the knee

Popliteal

back of the knee

Curural

Shin

sural

calf

pedal

foot

tarsal

ankle

Anterior

Toward the front

posterior

toward the back

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

sagittal plane/median

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves

frontal plane or cornal

Vertical plane that divided the body into front and back

Transverse plane/cross section

horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower).

Blood vessels

carry blood throughout the body

arteries

oxygenated blood away from the heart

veins

deoxygenated blood towards the heart

capillaries

connect arteries and veins

Blood

Carries oxygen and nutrient to the cells and carbon dioxide waste away from the cells

systole

contraction of the heart

Diastole

relaxation of the heart

Deoxygenated Blood (VRRL)

Veins, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs

Oxygenated blood (LLLAB)

Lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

produced in the small intestine and stimulates the enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver.

Secretin

produced in the small intestine and stimulates the production of bicarbonate by the pancreases

Insulin

Produced by the small intestine and regulates blood sugar levels.

Glucagon

produced in the pancreas and helps release glucose from the liver

Bile

produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Helps break down fat in the small intestine.

Central Nervous system

brain and the spinal cord. communication and actions occur in the body

Peripheral Nervous System

The nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and innervate the body. Sends signals to the brain.

Nerve structure

* Cell body: contains the nucleus and organelles
* Dendrite: Short, branchlike extensions that generate electrical impulses.
* Axon: long extensions that transmits signals to other neurons.

Sensory Neurons

send messages to the central nervous system

Motor Neurons

send messages to the muscles

Autonomic Nervous system

involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration

somatic nervous system

voluntary actions such as the movement of the limbs

Skeletal muscle

attached to the bones and responsible for movement

cardiac muscle

found in the heart and pumps blood through the body

Smooth muscle

found in organ and vessel walls.

Nerves

control muscles in the nervous system by sending electrical impulses to the muscle.

Nerve travel

brain, spinal cord, axon, muscle nerve, muscle fiber

Structure of the male reproductive system (VETS+PP)

testes, epidermis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis.

Testes

oval shaped organs hat produce sperm and testosterone.

epididymis

coiled shaped tube that transports sperm

vas deferens

long thin tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

seminal vesicles

sac like structures that produce a fluid that helps to transport the sperm.

Prostate gland

small round organ that produces a fluid that helps to transport the sperm.

Integumentary system

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Epidermis

outermost layer of the skin; makes a waterproof barrier and protects the body from infection

Dermis

middle layer of skin that contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and sweat glands.

Hypodermis

innermost; fat and connective tissue

Pituitary gland

produces growth hormone, prolactin,

Thyroid gland

produces thyroxine and calcitonin. thyroxine helps regulate metabolism and calcitonin regulate calcium levels

Parathyroid gland

produces and parathyroid hormone, which helps regulate calcium levels

Adrenal gland

fight or flight

ovaries

make estrogen and progesterone, which help regulate the menstrual cycle.

Testes

produce testosterone

Endocrine system responsibilities

growth and development, metabolism, reproductive, mood, etc.

passive immunity

when the body is exposed to antibodies that are made by another individual

active immunity

when the body makes its own antibodies in response to infections

compact bone

hard outer layer of bone that provides protection and support