anatomy lecture exam 1

Chloes quizlet

4 main tissue types

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

what are 2 types of connective tissue proper

loose and dense connective tissue

what are 2 types of supporting connective tissue

cartilage and bone

what are 2 types of fluid connective tissue

blood and lymph

what parts of a bone are made of spongy bone

epiphysis

a bone is made up of what 2 different types of bone connective tissue

spongy and compact bone

where is red bone marrow found in a bone?

spongy bone

what is the external surface of a bone shaft called?

periosteum

what is the internal lining along the medullary cavity called?

endosteum

what is the inorganic ground substance of compact bone

hydroxy apatite

where is yellow bone marrow found in bone

medullary cavity

True or false: red bone marrow is a hematopoietic tissue

true

which type of mature bone cells reside in the lucunae of osteone

osteocytes

what are the stem cells that make bone called

osteoprogenitor cells

where are osteoprogenitors cells found

in the endosteum

osteoprogenitor cells develop into what

osteoblasts

what cells form the bone matrix

osteoblasts

some osteoblasts can further differentiate into what

osteocytes

what are large macrophages that secrete HCL to dissolve bone

osteoclasts

in flat bones of the skull, what is the name given to the layer of spongy bone that occurs between 2 layers of compact bone

dipole

is the ethmoid bone a cranial or facial bone

cranial

why is the ethmoid bone not a facial bone

the perpendicular plate touches the cranial floor

what facial bone have contribution to the orbit, nasal cavity, and oral cavity

palatine and maxillae

in the pelvic girdle, the ilium articulates with the auricular surface of the ___, forming a joint between the appendicular and the axial skeletons

sacrum

in bone, what connects 2 adjacent central canals

perforating canals

in an osteopenia what connects the central canal and lacunae

canaliculi

what is housed inside the central canal of an osteon

blood vessels and nerves

how many bones in total make up the axial skeletal system

80

what is a fontanel

the “soft spot” on babies head where the cranial bones haven’t fused together yet

what determines if a bone is a cranial bone or not

if it surrounds the dura mater it Is a cranial bone

what suture connects the frontal and parietal bones

coronal suture

what suture connects the parietal bones

sagittal suture

what suture connects the parietal and occipital bones

lambdoid suture

what suture connects the temporal and parietal bones

squamous suture

what sinuses make up the paranasal sinuses

frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses

how many cranial bones are there total

8

which cranial bones does the temporal line pass through

the parietal bones

what bone shape are the temporal bones classified as

irregular

what is the articulation point between the occipital bone and atlas (c1)

the occipital condyles

what bone classification is the sphenoid

irregular

what feature of the cranium allows the head to move up and down “yes”

the articulation between occipital condyles and atlas C1

the sella turcica is part of which bone

sphenoid

what bone classification is the ethmoid bone

irregular

the crista Galli is part of which bone

ethmoid

how many facial bones are there in total

14

what is the articulation between the temporal and zygomatic bones called

zygomatic arch

true or false: the nasal bones do not contribute to the orbit

true

which facial bone collects tears and drains them into the nasal cavity

lacrimal bone

T or F: the inferior nasal conchae do NOT contribute to the ethmoid bone

true

what bone classification is the palatine bone

irregular

what bone is associated with the facial bone but has no articulation with other bones

hyoid bone

what bone gets broken during strangulation

hyoid

what are the features of the hyoid

the greater and lesser horns

what are the 3 bones called that are associated with facial bone and housed in the petrous part of the temporal bone

malleus, incus, stapes

what bones are considered the smallest bones in the body

malleus, incus, stapes

what is the S-shaped curve of the spine referred to as

bipedalism

how many total vertebrae are there in adults

26

which articulation allows the YES motion

the articulation between atlas C1 and the occipital condyles

how many total vertebrae are there in children

33

which articulation forms the atlantoaxial joint

the articulation between atlas (C1) and axis (C2)

what type of joint is the Atlantoaxial joint

synovial joint

the dens is a feature of what bone

axis

what part of the neck do neck fractures occur at

dens

which vertebrae have transverse foramina

cervical

what vertebra is called the vertebral prominins

C7

which vertebrae have costal facets

thoracic

what 2 parts of a vertebra make the vertebral arch

the pedicle and lamina

what is the outside ring of the intervertebral disc called

the anulus fibrosus

what tissue type is the annulus fibrosus made of

fibrocartilage

what is the inner layer od the intervertebral disc called

nucleus pulpous

the nucleus pulpous is a remnant of what

the notochord

what is a herniated disc

when the nucleus pulposus protrudes into the annulus fibrosus and pinches the nerves

what forms a sacroiliac joint

the articulation between the sacrum and ilium

how many ribs are on each side

12

what is the tissue type of costal cartilages

hyaline cartilage

what forms the costochondrial joint

the articulation between a rib and its costal cartilage

which ribs on the thoracic cage are true ribs

1-7

which ribs on the thoracic cage are false ribs

8-12

which ribs are floating ribs

11-12

what are the 3 parts of the sternum from proximal to distal

manubrium, body (gladiolus), and xiphoid process

the pectoral girdle attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton by what joint

sternoclavicular joint

the clavicle covers parts of which ribs

2-7

what forms the glenohumeral joint

the articulation between the glenoid cavity and the head of humerus

what is the subtype joint of the glenohumeral joint

ball and socket

the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus are attachment sites for what

ligaments

the trochlear notch is what type of synovial joint

hinge joint

the radial notch is what type of synovial joint

pivot joint

what feature of the ulna forms the body elbow

the olecronon

what is the name of the syndesmosis that connects the diaphysis of long bones

interosseous membrane

T OR F: the metacarpals and phalanges are considered long bones

true

which carpal bone is considered a sesamoid bone

pisiform

how many total bones are in both hands

54

how many bones are in the body

206

anatomical name for the thumb

pollex

anatomical name for big toe

hallux

how many phalange bones are there on one hand

14

in a hip fracture, that is the part of bone that is typically fractured

the neck of the femur

the patella is what kind of bone

sesamoid

what are 3 types of cartilage

hyalins, fibrocartilage, and elastic

what part of the tibia and fibula form the palpable ankle

the medial/ lateral malleolus