Axial & Fetal skeleton (Week. 2)

planes, cavities, regions, projections, depressions

Sagittal plane/Median plane

(?)

Frontal plane/coronal plane

(?)

Transverse plane

(?)

Ventral body

(?)

Dorsal body

(?)

Cranial cavity

(?)

Vertebral cavity

(?)

Thoracic cavity

(?)

Abdominal cavity

(?)

Pelvic cavity

(?)

Right hypochondriac region

(?)

Epigastric region

(?)

Left hypochondriac region

(?)

Right lumbar region

(?)

Umbilical region

(?)

Left lumbar region

(?)

Right iliac region

(?)

Hypogastric region

(?)

Left iliac region

(?)

axial

The bones highlighted in teal are part of the (?) skeleton

Coxal bone, Ischial tuberosity

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• Large rounded projection; may be roughened

Coxal bone, Iliac crest

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Coxal bone, ischial spine

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Femur, Trochanters

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only on this bone)

Femur, Intertrochanteric line

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Femur, Adductor tubercle

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• Small rounded projection or process

Femur, Medial epicondyle

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• raised area on or above condyle

Vertebra, spinal process

Projections that are sites of muscle & ligament attachment

• Any bony prominence

Rib, head

Projections that help to form joints

• bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Rib, facets

Projections that help to form joints

• smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Mandible, condyle

Projections that help to form joints

• rounded articular projection

Mandible, ramus

Projections that help to form joints

• arm-like bar of bone

Skull, sinus

Depressions and openings for blood vessels & nerves

• bone cavity, filled with air & lined w/mucous membrane

Skull, meatus

Depressions and openings for blood vessels & nerves

• Canal-like passageway

Skull, fossa

Depressions and openings for blood vessels & nerves

• Shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Skull, notch

Depressions and openings for blood vessels & nerves

• Indentation at the edge of a structure

Skull, groove

Depressions and openings for blood vessels & nerves

• furrow

Skull, inferior orbital fissure

Depressions and openings for blood vessels & nerves

• narrow slit-like opening

Skull, foramen

Depressions and openings for blood vessels & nerves

• round or oval opening through a bone

sutural bones/wormian bones

Which type of bones are…

• small, flat, oddly shaped

• ranges in size from a grain of sand to a quarter with borders similar to pieces of a jigsaw puzzle

• found between the flat bones of the skull

irregular bones

Which type of bones…

• have a complex shape with short, flat, notched or ridged surfaces

• form the vertebrae of the spinal column, bones of the pelvis, and several bones in the skull

short bones

Which type of bones…

• are cube-like in shape and approximately equal in length, width and thickness

• only exist in the carpals of the wrists and tarsals of the ankles

• provide stability and support as well as some limited motion?

flat bones

Which type of bones…

• provide protection for underlying soft tissues

• offer an extensive surface area for the attachment of skeletal muscles

• form the cranial bones, the scapulae (shoulder blades), the sternum (breastbone) and the ribs

long bones

Which type of bones…

• are cylindrical in shape and longer than they are wide

• form the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula metacarpals, phalanges metatarsals, and phalanges?

sesamoid bone

Which type of bones…

• are usually small, round, and flat

• are found near the joints of the knees, hands, and feet and embedded inside tendon

compact bone

Which of the two types of bone…

• is the cortex (outer parts) in a flat bone

• contains a hard bony matrix

• is heavy

spongy bone

Which of the two types of bone contains…

• red and yellow marrow cavity

• network of struts, honeycomb-like, diploe

Long bone (humerus), proximal epiphysis

(?)

Long bone (humerus), distal epiphysis

(?)

Long bone (humerus), diaphysis

(?)

Long bone (humerus), spongy bone

(?)

Long bone (humerus), compact bone

(?)

Long bone (humerus), articular cartilage (hyaline)

(?)

hyaline

The cartilage in blue is (?) cartilage

elastic

The cartilage in green is (?) cartilage

fibrocartilage

The cartilage in red is (?) cartilage

articular cartilage of a joint

(?)

costal cartilage

(?)

larynx/laryngeal cartilage

(?)

trachea/tracheal cartilage

(?)

bronchi/bronchial cartilage

(?)

nasal cartilage

(?)

cartilage in intervertebral discs/intervertebral discs

(?)

cartilage in external ear/external ear cartilage

(?)

Frontal

(?) bone

Parietal (paired)

(?) bone

Temporal (paired)

(?) bone

Occipital

(?) bone

Sphenoid

(?) bone

Ethmoid (lateral)

(?) bone

Coronal

(?) suture

Squamous/Squamosal

(?) suture

Zygomatic

(?) process

Mastoid

(?) process

Styloid

(?) process

External acoustic meatus

(?)

Lambdoid/Lamdoidal

(?) suture

Occipitomastoid

(?) suture

Condylar process

(?) process

Mandibular notch

(?)

Mental foramen

(?)

Mandible

(?) bone

Alveolar

(?) processes

Coronoid

(?) process

Zygomatic

(?) bone

Nasal

(?) bone (paired)

Supraorbital foramen/supraorbital notch

(?)

Inferior orbital fissure

(?) fissure

Superior orbital fissure

(?) fissure

Optic canal

(?)

Mandibular symphysis

(?)

Infraorbital foramen

(?)

Vomer (anterior view)

(?)

Lacrimal fossa

(?)

Lacrimal bone

(?)

Mandibular fossa

(?)

Zygomatic arch

(?)

Carotid canal

(?)

Jugular foramen

(?)

Foramen magnum

(?)