Golden Ticket

Enlightenment

A period of time when European political thinkers challenged traditional views of government & religion was known as the \_____________.

John Locke

\_________ argued for natural rights of "life, liberty, & property."

Articles of Confederation

The \________________________ were the first attempt at U.S. Government & was a failure.

Shays

\_____ Rebellion showed that the federal government was weak after a group of farmers successfully attacked courthouses when their farms received foreclosure notices.

New Jersey, Virginia

The \_______ Plan represented states, whereas the \_________ Plan represented the people.

Bicameral

A \_________ legislature has 2 houses.

Three-Fifths Compromise, representation

The \___________ compromise declared all slaves as 3/5th of a whole person. This number was used to count \________________ in Congress.

1, 8

Article _, Section _ outlines the enumerated powers of the Constitution.

make laws, declare war, authority over commerce/regulate commerce

Thee important powers (your choice (my choice in this case)) are \_____________, \__________________, \_____________________________________________.

2/3rds, 3/4ths

The most common formal amendment process is proposed by \______ of both houses of Congress & ratified by \_______________ of states.

Federalism

\___________ is power divided between federal, state, & local levels.

Cooperative federalism (Marble Cake Federalism)

\_________________________________________ refers to transferring responsibilities of governing from the federal government to state & local governments.

Brutus No. 1

\___________ (foundational doc) feared a too strong government would limit personal freedoms.

10

Federalist \# __, Madison feared factions.

2, 6

The House (H) serves _ year terms & the Senate (S) serves _ year terms.

535, 435, 100

There are \___ members in Congress, \___ in the House, and \___ in the Senate.

Reapportionment

\_____________ occurs after the census.

redistricting

During the \_____________ process, state legislature need to avoid \_____________ - inhibiting voting strength of certain demographics.

Incumbents

usually win elections because of money, visibility, and constituent services.

franking

They also have \________ privilege for constituent mail at government expense.

majority

The \________ party in each chamber appoints the committee chair.

Speaker of the House

The leader of the House is called \___________________.

revenue/tax

All \_______ bills must originate in the house.

Vice President

The leader of the Senate is the \______________.

rules

The House \_____ committee gives bills guidelines for debate & amendments.

the congressional committee

Most bills die in \____________________________.

filibuster

In the Senate, members can \__________ to delay the vote.

cloture

A \_______ motion must be called to stop the talk.

unregulated

Soft $ are \___________ donations to political parties.

Bipartisan Campaign Reform

Soft $ was banned by the \_______________________________ Act.

tax

527's are \___ -exempt.

commander-in-chief

POTUS is the \__________-__-\____ of the military.

Cabinet

POTUS is advised by the \________.

OMB

POTUS uses the \___ to advise him on the federal budget.

not often

POTUS vetoes are \__________ overridden.

cannot

POTUS \_______ use the line item veto option since 1998.

Senate

All of POTUS' treaties and appointments must be approved by the \_______.

Divided government

\__________________ is when POTUS and Congress are different political parties.

70

Federalist \# \__ argued we needed a strong executive.

Bureaucracy

\____________ is a large, complex organization of appointed officials.

bureaucracy, interest groups, Congress

The three "points" of the iron triangle are \____________, \______________, and \_________.

patronage/spoils, Pendleton

The \___________________ system was eliminated and the \___________ Act required government jobs to be earned by merit.

Independent regulatory

\______________________ Agencies govern and standardize actions by groups like the SEC (Stocks) and the Federal Reserve.

executive

POTUS can issue an \___________ order, which carries the weight of law.

oversight

Congress uses \__________ with the federal bureaucracy to hold hearings/investigations, control their budget and spending, and reorganize an agency if necessary.

issue

An iron triangle is not the same as an \______ network.

issue

An iron triangle has 3 interlocking points and a \______ network consists of a wide range of people who debate policy.

Constitution

SCOTUS judges must use the \_______________ (a document) to make decisions in cases.

Original

\_________ Jurisdiction is in the courts in which a case is first heard.

Appellate

Jurisdiction is used in courts where cases are brought on appeal from a lower court.

Four

The Rule of \____ is set so that the decision for SCOTUS to hear a case, this minimum \# of judges must agree.

restraint

Judicial \_________ argues judges must use the original intent of the constitution in deciding cases.

activism

Whereas Judicial \________ incorporates the belief that social injustices may be corrected with modern standards.

lifetime

SCOTUS judges serve a \________ appointment.

78, independent

Federalist \__ argued for an \___________ judiciary.

Bill of Rights

The \_____________ is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution and protect civil liberties/rights.

selective incorporation, states

The term \________________________ means the Bill of Rights applies to federal government as well as \_______.

due, equal

The 14th Amendment contains the \___ process clause and the \_______ protection clause.

Separation

President Jefferson described the relationship between religion and government as a "Wall of \___________."

Establishment, 1st

The \_____________ Clause in the \____ Amendment says our government will not have a declared religion.

Engel

Key cases include \_____ v. Vitale where it was ruled there will be NO mandatory prayer in public schools.

Free-exercise, 1st

The \______________ Clause in the \___ Amendment says our government will allow individuals to worship freely a religion of their choosing.

Wisconsin

\_________ v. Yoder where it was ruled that a family's religious practice outweighed state's interest in compulsory education.

clear and present danger

Schenck v. US\= does your speech invoke a "\___________________________?"

symbolic

Tinker v. Des Moines\= "\________" speech is protected.

Plessy, Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education states that equal but separate is not equal. Overturned \______ v. \_________.

1st, free

The New York Times Co. v US dealt with the \___ Amendment, \____ speech clause.

prior

The ruling prevented \____ restraint.

Letter from Birmingham Jail, people, peaceful, protest

MLK's \______________________________ argued that \_______ should use \_________ \________ to seek equality and expand civil rights.

legal counsel

Gideon v. Wainwright assured Americans that they have the right to \_____________.

2nd

McDonald v. Chicago guarantees that the \___ amendment will not be infringed up by state & local governments.

commerce

In US v. Lopez, the federal gov. wrongly used the \________ clause to regulate handguns within states.

social

Government based on consent of the governed is known as a \______ contract.

efficacy

Many American's distrust government which results in a low political \___________.

Family

\______ is the \#1 factor of political socialization.

Republican, conservative

Right to life, laissez fiare, & less government regulation describes a \__________ or \___________ ideology.

Democrats

Whereas \_________ vote pro-choice, support a national healthcare system, & expanded programs for poor, minorities, & women.

liberal

Their ideology is \_______.

random sample, bias

Steps to a scientific poll: 1- Define the population, 2- Construct a \_____________ in which every member has an equal chance of being chosen, 3-carefully construct questions to avoid \_____.

margin, error

The \______ -of- \_____ in a valid poll is typically +/- 3%.

more

People with \____ education & income are more likely to vote.

more

Older people are \____ likely to vote than younger people.

Democrat

Younger voters typically vote for the \________ party.

gender gap

The \____________ describes the difference in voting patterns between males & females.

National Voter Registration Act, driver's license

The \________________________________ of 1993 made voter registration easier by allowing people to vote when they renewed their \______________.

win elections

The \#1 goal of political parties is to \____________.

linkage

Political parties are a \_______ institution because they provide information & mobilize voters & raise funds to support party candidates.

one

A single-member district only elects \___ candidate for each office.

Electoral College

The \________________ system describes a situation where ALL of the electoral votes go to the victor.

third parties

This makes it hard for \______________ to win elections.

influence public policy

An Interest Group's \#1 goal is to \_______________________.

influence

They \__________ policymakers by attempting to persuade them.

5,000, 2,500-2,900

A PAC can give $\_____, where as a private citizen can only give $\________ to candidates.

Federal Election Commission, corporations.

Citizens United v. \____________________________ provided the freedom of speech to \____________.

free-rider

While size is important, large interest groups also have the \__________ problem where members enjoy the benefits of the group, but are not active.

elite

The \_____ theory is a belief that a small $ if wealthy individuals dominate policy.

pluralist

In the \_________ theory, many interest groups compete, but no one group dominates.

hyperpluralist, gridlock

\_________________theory, there are so many competing interest groups \_________ occurs where there is a political deadlock.

linkage

Mass media is a \_______ institution because it connects people to the government.

candidate

Political campaigns have become more \_________-centered\=more focus on the individual & less on the issues.