Honors Chem: 1-5 to 1-8

Reactivity

a measure of how readily a substance undergoes a chemical reaction to become another substance

Viscosity

The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily

Brittleness

Ability of matter to be easily broken

Flammability

Ability of a material to catch on fire

Corrosiveness

The ability of a substance to corrode/eat away another substance

Melting point

temperature at which solid melts to liquid

Elasticity

Ability of a material to be stretched

1 L = 1 ?

dm³

1 mL = 1

cm³

Definition of physical properties

are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance

Examples of physical properties

melting point, boiling point, shape, size, color, conductivity, solubility, hardness

Definition of chemical properties

property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance

Examples of chemical properties

flammability, reaction with oxygen, vinegar and water

What are the 2 types of physical properties?

extensive and intensive

Definition of extensive

depends on the amount of matter

Extensive examples

volume, mass, amount of energy

Definition of intensive

does not depend on the amount

Examples of intensive

color, odor, density, boiling point, conductivity

What is the equation for density?

Density = mass / volume

Density is an ______ physical property of matter because it does not depend on the quantity of matter. (it is also affected by temperature)

intensive

At room temperature , the density of water is close to __________.

1 g/mL or 1 g/cm³

If density of object is _______, it will float on the water.

less than 1 g/mL

equation for percent error

% error = [experiment - accepted] / accepted x 100

Accuracy describes how close a measurement is to ___________

the accepted value (true value)

Precision describes how close a series of measurements are to ________

each other

REMINDER

The last digit digit in the reading that must be is called an uncertain digit. A measurement always has some degree of estimated uncertainty.

When we measure something, we always ______________________

estimate between the smallest marks

Significant figures (sig fig) indicate __________

precision of measurement

Pacific → Atlantic

Decimal is present

Atlantic → Pacific

Decimal is absent

Is flexibility physical or chemical?

physical

Is something boiling at 20 degrees celsius physical or chemical?

physical

Is combustible physical or chemical?

Chemical

Is low reactivity physical or chemical?

Chemical

Is melting point intensive or extensive?

Intensive

Is volume intensive or extensive?

Extensive

Is mass intensive or extensive?

Extensive

Is density intensive or extensive?

Intensive

Our universe is made of ____________

Matter and energy

Matter is anything __________. It is composed of _____________________

has mass and occupies space; tiny particles called atoms

Pure exists in how many states?

3 states

Solid →Gas

Sublimation

Gas → Solid

Sublimation

Solid → Liquid

Melting (also called fusion)

Liquid → Solid

Freezing (also called solidification)

Gas → Liquid

condensation

Liquid → Gas

Vaporization

When any change occurs, _____ is always involved. Energy of matter (internal energy) is stored _________.

energy; in the bonds

To break bonds, _________. When bonds are formed, ___________.

energy is added; energy is given off

When thinking of breaking bonds you can think of putting in your energy to break a pencil in half.

Law of conservation says…

energy can be neither created nor destroyed in ordinary changes (not nuclear, it can only change form)

Total mass of all chemicals before reaction =

total mass after chemical changes

meaning mass does not change after chemical changes.

What are the two major types of energy?

potential and kinetic

What energy is due to position?

Potential

What energy is due to motion?

Kinetic

TRUE OR FALSE: Energy can be converted from one type to another.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: Potential energy is associated with the motion of particles

False

TRUE OR FALSE: Energy is the capacity to do work.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: Some matters like gases don’t have mass.

False

Subjects that classify as matter

liquid, mercury, water vapor, table salt, oxygen gas

Subjects that classify as energy

heat, x-ray, UV light, sound

Is grapes fermenting chemical or physical?

chemical

Is copper melting chemical or physical?

physical

Is recycling aluminum chemical or physical?

physical

Is gasoline exploding chemical or physical?

chemical

Is water evaporating chemical or physical?

physical

Is eggs cooking chemical or physical?

chemical

Is iron rusting chemical or physical?

chemical

Is wood burning chemical or physical?

chemical

Is mixing cake batter chemical or physical?

physical

Is baking a cake chemical or physical?

chemical

Is salt dissolving in water chemical or physical?

physical

Is ice melting chemical or physical?

physical

Is grinding spices chemical or physical?

physical

Definition of homogeneous mixture

particles (called atoms or molecules) are evenly mixed

Definition of heterogeneous mixture

different sized particles may settle or layer out after centrifuge

What are two common types of homogenous mixtures are…

solution or allay

Is tea homo or hetero?

solution

Is muddy water homo or hetero?

hetero

Is tomato juice homo or hetero?

hetero

Is salt water homo or hetero?

solution

Is blood homo or hetero?

hetero

Definition of element

pure substance made of only one type of atom… think of an element as being a group of the same type of atoms

Definition of molecule

particle formed from two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Definition of compound

a type of molecule composed of two or more different types of element atoms… again, think of it as being the plural of molecule

Definition of matter

anything that has mass and volume

Definition of atom

smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of the element; building block of matter

Table salt

compound

Sugar (C6 H12 O6)

compound

Raisin bran cereal

heterogeneous

Calcium (Ca)

element

Gasoline

homogeneous

Calcium Bromide

compound

Iced tea

heterogeneous

Silver

element

Chocolate chip cookies

hetero

kool-aid

homo

paint

hetero

a pure substance composed of 2 or more kinds of element atoms in a fixed, definite proportion is considered as _____________

compound

Element can be described as ____________________________

the pure substance which is composed of identical atoms

Distilation

used to separate homogeneous mixtures