BIO K103 EXAM #2

tissue

group of similar cells that carry out specific functions

4 types of tissue

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

epithelial tissue

tightly packed
continuous sheet

organ

Group of closely associated tissues that carry out specific functions

organ system

Group of organs that carry out functions

how many body systems

11

epithelial surfaces

exposed to environment
attached to basement membrane

epithelial cell contacts

tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions

squamous

thin

cuboidal

short

columnar

column shaped

epithelial glands

exocrine
endocrine

exocrine gland

releases material onto surface or into body cavity via DUCTS

endocrine gland

releases hormones directly into blood or interstitial fluid

DUCTLESS

epithelial membranes

mucous - lines any cavity open to outside
serous (watery) - lines any internal cavity

simple

one layer

stratified

two or more

single layer of thin

flat cells

function of simple squamous

rapid diffusion

single layer of short

eight-sided cuboid cells

tall columns or cylinders

simple columnar

nonciliated columnar epithelium location

stomach/intestine

ciliated columnar epithelium location

bronchioles

stratified squamous

multiple layers of squamous shaped cells

where would you find keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

skin

where would you find nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

moist surfaces such as mouth and esophagus

two types of stratified squamous

keratinized
nonkeratinized

multiple layers of cuboid shaped cells

stratified cuboidal

location of stratified cuboidal

ducts of larger glands (salivary

more than one layer of epithelial columnar cells

stratified columnar

location of stratified columnar

mammary glands

falsely layers

pseudostratified

These cells do not all extend to the surface. They are all attached to the basement membrane. The varying position of the nuclei gives the impression that there are multiple layers of cells.

pseudostratified

Ciliated Pseudostratified epithelium location

trachea

Nonciliated Pseudostratified epithelium location

epididymis and urethra in males

transitional epithelium location

bladder

type of epithelium that stretches

transitional

epithelial layer of the skin

epidermis

\__________ epithelium lines the blood vessels and air sacs in the lungs

simple squamous

\___________ epithelium lines kidney tubules

simple cuboidal

\_______________ epithelium lines the upper respiratory tract

simple columnar

\______________ epithelium moves particles of dust and other foreign material away from the lungs

simple columnar

\_________ epithelium must continuously regenerate

stratified

the lining of blood and lymph vessels is called \___________

endothelium

the origin of CT

mesoderm

goblet cells and sweat glands are \_________ glands

exocrine

hormones are released via \_________ glands

endocrine

\_________ glands use ducts

exocrine

\_________ glands do not use ducts

endocrine

A \____________ membrane lines a body vanity that opens to the outside of the body

mucous

A \________ membrane lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside of the body

serous

\___________ tissue has cells that are embedded in an intercellular substance containing fibers scattered throughout a matrix

connective

types of CT

collagen
elastic
reticular

CT: Thick

tough

CT: Thin

branched fivers of collagen and some glycoprotein

\___________ fibers provide strength and resist stress. They remain intact when tissue is stretched

collagen

\____________ fibers branch to form networks

elastic

\____________ fibers form supporting meshwork for joining other tissues or holding organs together

reticular

the spleen is an example of something held together by \_______ fibers

reticular

most CT are well vascularized except

cartilage is avascular and dense CT is poorly vascularized

types of loose CT

areolar
adipose
reticular

describe types of CT

areolar - elastic/collage

what type of CT forms covering around bones and cartilage

dense irregular

\_____________ CT is located on tendons

ligaments

\____________ CT is on the lungs and walls of arteries

elastic

CT: allows structure to return to their original size and shape following expansion

elastic

chondrocytes are cells of \_____________

cartilage

what does cartilage lack

nerves

\_________ are small cavities located in harder matrix where chondrocytes are found

lacunae

what determines the characteristics of cartilage

fibers

tendons and ligaments consist of \____________ CT

dense

\_____________ is the supporting skeleton in the embryonic stage of all vertebrates

cartilage

cells of cartilage

chondrocytes

group of 2 or four chondrocytes in small cavities form a \_____________

lacunae

cartilage tissue lacks \_____________

nerves

bone cells

osteocytes

osteocytes are found in the \___________

lacunae

how does bone and cartilage differ

bone is vascular

outer layer of bone

compact

inner layer of bone

spongy bone

compact bone consists of spindle shaped units called \____________

osteons

concentric layers of osteons

lamellae

lamella surrounds the \___________

central canal

yellow marrow

fat

red marrow

blood

cartilage at end of long bones and rib cage

hyaline

cartilage at pinna

epiglottis

cartilage at intervertebral discs

pubic symphysis

cartilage that reduces friction

compression. provides stiffness.

cartilage that provides support and flexibility

elastic

cartilage that provides strength

resists compression

fibers in cartilage

collagen and elastic

why does cartilage take a long time to heal

no blood supply

types of muscle

skeletal

type of muscle: voluntary

conscious control

type of muscle: involuntary

autoregulatory

type fo muscle: involuntary

ANS control

striated muscle

long multinucleated

striated

braced