chem final

10^-2

centi

10^-3

milli

10^3

kilo

10^6

mega

10^9

giga

10^-9

nano

10^-6

micro

10^12

tera

10^-12

pico

10^0

base unit (\=1)

10^-1

deci

10^1

deka

10^2

hecto

10^-2

centi

meter, liter, gram

base units:

yes

are non-zero numbers significant? (sig figs)

yes

arre zeroes in between ther digits significant? (sig figs)

no

are leading zeroes significant? (sig figs)

yes

are trailing DECIMAL zeroes significant? (sig figs)

3

how many sig figs in 316

4

how many sig figs in 6.003

2

how many sig figs in 0.000035

2

how many sig figs in 35,000

5

how many sig figs in 0.035000

5.60 x 10^4

which is standard notation:
5.60 x 10^4
56.0 x 10^4

56.0 x 10^4

which is exponential notation:
5.60 x 10^4
56.0 x 10^4

2.2 lbs

1 kg \= ? lbs

2.54 cm

1 inch \= ? cm

kilogram

si unit for mass

liter

si unit for volume

second

si unit for time

meter

si unit for length

2.205 lbs

1 kg \= ? lbs

5280 ft

I mile \= ? ft

1 cc, 1 cm^3

I ml \= ? cubic cm \= ? cm^3

density\= mass/volume

density formula

volume of a rectangle formula

length x width x height

volume of a cylinder formula

V\=πr^2h

volume of a sphere formula

V\= 4/3πr3

(measured value - accepted value) / accepted value x 100

percent error formula

hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, bromine, oxygen, nitrogen

diatomic molecules: (H.F ClIBrON)

As

arsenic symbol

Rb

rubidium symbol

W

tungsten symbol

selenium

Se element name

mercury

Hg element name

molybdenum

Mo element name

to transfer solids in solutions

purpose of a rubber policeman

to hold crucibles while heating

purpose of a clay triangle

accurately prepare solutions

purpose of a volumetric flask

evaporation

purpose of a watch glass

measure volume of liquids

purpose of a graduated cylinder

grind soldis

purpose of a mortar and pestle

holds burets

purpose of a buret clamp

measures volume

purpose of a buret

heats soldis

purpose of a crucible

physical change

a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

chemical change

A change in a substance that produces one or more new substances

physical

physical or chemical change: melting/boiling/freezing

chemical

physical or chemical change: combustion/flammability

C \= 5/9 (F - 32)

celcius to Fahrenheit formula:

F \= (9/5 C) + 32

Fahrenheit to celcius

proton

positively charged particle

neutron

particle with no charge

electron

negatively charged particle

in the nucleus

where is the proton found:

in the nucleus

where is the neutron found:

outside nucleus

where is the electron found:

alkali metals

group 1 elements name

alkaline earth metals

group 2 elements name

transition metals

group 3-12 elements name

halogens

group 17 elements name

noble gases

group 18 elements name

periods

Horizontal rows on the periodic table

groups

Vertical columns on the periodic table

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

atomic mass

Number of protons and neutrons of element

lewis symbol

the representation of an atom that shows valence electrons as dots around the symbol of the element

principal quantum number

symbolized by n, assigns energy to a level

sublevel

s, p, d, f, group of orbitals of equal energy within energy levels

valence electrons

number of electrons in the outermost shell

wavelength

The distance between adjacent crests/troughs of a wave

matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

pure substance

matter with a fixed composition, composed of one type of atom

elements

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

compound

two or more elements in definite ratio

mixture

matter with two or more mixed substances that aren't combined

homogenous

same composition throughout mix

heterogenous

composition varies from parts of mix

solid, liquid, gas

the three physical states:

solid

A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume, strong attractive forces, and in fixed positions

liquid

A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume, particles move slowly in random directions

gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume, particles move quickly at high speeds, little attraction

physical properties

Characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

chemical properties

Characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the substance

a penny is round, hard, shiny, and bronze

physical properties example:

temperature

A measure of how hot or cold something is

periodic table

A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together

Mercury and bromine

two metals that are liquid at room temp:

metals

Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current, are shiny and hard, ductile, malleable, melt at higher temps