unit 4 hhd

What are the SDGs?

The Sustainable Development Goals are 17 global goals introduced by the united nations in 2015.

Economic characteristics of Low/Middle income country

• High levels of poverty

• Limited range of industries

• Limited opportunities for global trade

• Low average income levels

Social characteristics of Low/Middle income country

• High birth rates

• Low education levels

• Low living standards

Environmental characteristics of Low/Middle income country

• Poor access to safe water and sanitation

• Low food security

• Poor road quality

3 objectives of the SGDs

• End extreme poverty

• Fight inequality and injustice

• Tackle climate change

Rationale behind the SDGs

• To develop a new set of goals and targets to replace the millennium development goals (MDGs) that are finished in 2015

• Despite progress, there was still work to be done to ensure the poorest and most disadvantaged had access to improved health and wellbeing and human development

• Emergence of new global challenges eg. climate change and increasing conflict

Areas of Importance

• People

• Planet

• Prosperity

• Peace

• Partnership

SDG 1

No Poverty

Factors of SDG 1 `

• Eradicate extreme poverty

Absolute poverty - living on less then US$1.25 a day

Relative poverty - living on less then half of your nations average income

Briefly Describe SDG1

Calls for and end to poverty. All people everywhere should enjoy a basic standard of living and social protection benefits

Why is SDG1 Important?

• Poverty is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity rates

• Deprivation - unable to buy food, clothing, shelter, health care or education

Sustainable Development Goal 2

Zero Hunger.

How can hunger impact on health (SDG2)

Lack of proper nutrients can affect the body's functions causing them to not work efficiently. Also stunts growth (physical health), and in school you struggle to concentrate and learn (mental)

Difference between malnutrition and undernutrition

Undernutrition is when people do not have enough food to meet their daily energy requirements. Malnutrition is a lack of specific nutrients required for efficient body functioning.

Briefly describe SDG 2

Seeks to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition and achieve sustainable food production. Premised on idea that everyone should have access to sufficient nutritious food.

Why is SDG 2 important

• Because good nutrition is essential for health and growth

• Hunger weakens the immune system

Sustainable Development Goal 3

Good health and wellbeing

Briefly describe SDG 3

Aims to ensure health and wellbeing for all ages by improving reproductive, maternal and child health; ending the epidemics of major communicable diseases; reducing non-communicable and environmental diseases; achieving universal health coverage; and ensuring access to sae and effective medicines and vaccines for all

Why is SDG 3 important?

• maternal mortality rates are high in developing countries

• children are the future of the society and economy

Sustainable Development Goal 4

Quality Education

Briefly describe SDG 4

Focuses on the acquisition of foundational and higher order skills; greater and more equitable access to technical and vocational education and training and higher education; training throughout life; and the knowledge, skills and values needed to function well and contribute to society.

Sustainable Development Goal 5

Gender equality

Briefly describe SDG 5

Aims to empower women and girls to reach their full potential, which requires eliminating all forms of discrimination and violence against them, including harmful practices. It seeks to ensure that they have every opportunity for sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights; receive due recognition for their unpaid work; have full access to productive resources; and enjoy equal participation with men in political, economic and public life.

Why is SDG 5 important?

• gender equality is a human right

• women often don't have access to meaningful employment

Sustainable Development Goal 6

Clean water and sanitation

Briefly describe SDG 6

Goes beyond drinking water, sanitation and hygiene to also address the quality and sustainability of water resources. Achieving this goal, which is essential to the survival of people and the planet means expanding international corporation and garnering the support of local communities in improving water and sanitation management

Why is SDG 6 important?

• Lack of clean water is responsible for many deaths each year

• Fewer people will get sick, promoting productivity and strengthening the economy of countries

SDG 13: Climate Action

• Strengthen resilience to adapt to climate related hazards

-Implement the commitment by high income countries to take action and to provide funds to support low and middle income countries

Health

Refers to a state of physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Human Development

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests

• expanding people's choices

• having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living

• participating in the life of their community

Sustainability

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Includes: social, environmental and economic sustainability

3 Dimensions of Sustainability

Economic sustainability - ensuring that income in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living

Social sustainability - creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely.

Environmental sustainability - ensuring that the natural environment is used in a way that preserves resources in the future.

Economic sustainability factors

• Ensuring that all people earn a decent income

• Increasing the capacity of governments to provide services and infrastructure

• Ensuring children stay in school

Social sustainability characteristics

• Access to safe and decent working conditions

• Elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems

• Peace and security

• Gender equality

• Promotion of political and legal rights

Environmental sustainability characteristics

• Climate change

• Biodiversity

• Waste removal and pollution

• Use of natural resources

Human Development Index (HDI)

Is a statistical tool developed by the United Nation to rank countries' levels of social and economic development

Dimensions and indicators of the HDI

Advantages and Disadvantages of the HDI

Advantage

• Enables a more accurate comparison between countries as it uses a single statistic to rank countries

• Focuses on more than the economic growth of a country

• Focuses on education, which helps measure access to knowledge and ability to expand choices and enhance capabilities

Disadvantage

• Does not address all aspects of human development, such as gender equality

• Based on averages and, as a result, does not indicate inequalities that may exist in a country.

Climate change

impacts people and communities in all countries; however greatest felt in low income countries.

Factors of climate change

Rising sea levels

• reduces available land for farming, which may cause food shortages and increase rates of under nutrition

• may force people to relocate/ abandon their homes, which increases stress and anxiety levels

• Reduces availability of fresh water, which can lead to water borne diseases such as diarrhoea

Changing weather patterns and extreme weather conditions

• Floods can increase incidence of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever

• heatwaves can increase incidence of asthma and heat stress

Climate change impact on health and wellbeing examples

Extreme weather events, such as thunder- and windstorms, can trigger asthma attacks in some people. This impacts on the physical health and wellbeing of individuals, as they are not free from illness and disease.

Rising sea levels may mean people have to leave their homes and livelihoods, increasing stress and anxiety levels.

Rising sea levels can reduce land for farming, impacting on food supplies and increasing risk of malnutrition and related immune functioning.

Conflict

includes wars and acts of terrorism, has increased in the past 20 years

Impact of conflict

• Physical injuries due to gunshots , bomb blasts