rutgers anatomy

The term physiology best describes the study of?

How Living Organisms Perform their Vital Functions

The ability of an organism to sense change that takes place within its body is an example of:

Responsivness

What organ system is responsible for the production of the blood cells?

The Skeletal System

Homeostasis may be defined as the physiological process by which:

The body responds to normal and abnormal conditions and maintains equilibrium

The lower the PH of a substance, the higher the concentration of:

H+ (Hydrogen Ions)

Which of the following substances comprise over 95% of the human body?

Oxygen,Carbon, Hydrogen, & Nitrogen.

If you wanted to seperate the abdominal cavity from the Thoracic cavity you would use?

The Transverse Plane

The anatomical position is described as follows:

The human body is standing upright, feet together, and palms facing anteriorly.

A\_________Section divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Frontal/ Coronal

The main function of the respiratory system is:

Delivers air to the lungs

The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the:

The endocrine system

The muscular system consists of the:

Skeletal muscles and associated tendons

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues:

Integumentary system (Skin)

Positive feedback systems are:

Stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change (Ex:blood clotting, labor)

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees:

Distal

List the orientation terms that have opposite meanings (in humans):

Distal & Proximal

What regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow?

Antecubital

Mandy pulled a muscle in the inguinal region. What is this region

The groin

In describing the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions?

The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the:

The digital region

The thoracic cavity is \___________to the abdominopelvic cavity.

superior

What body cavity can be subdivided into four quadrants and nine regions:

Abdomniopelvic cavity

The lungs and heart are situated in the \______ body cavity.

Thoracic cavity

The dorsal body cavity houses the:

Spinal cord and brain

A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called:

The sagittal plane

What ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection

Abdominal

The name of the bond that forms when one atom loses an electron and another atom accepts the electron is:

Ionic bond

The single most abundant protein in the body is?

Collagen

The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is?

Iodine-141

Glucose belongs to a category of carbohydrates referred to as the:

Monosaccharides

A cell membrane that permits the passage of only certain select materials based on its function is said to be:

Selectively permeable

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are synthesized from basic building blocks by:

The removal of a molecule of water between the basic units

Passive membrane transport processes include:

Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

Suppose a person is given an intravenous infusion of a hypertonic, aqueous sodium chloride solution? What would be the effect?

One would observe a net movement of water from the intracellular compartment to the extracelluar fluid compartment.

As a result of mitotic cell division each daughter cell has?

The same number of chromosomes as the parent

Vesicles are formed by an action of the:

Cell membrane

The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called

cytology

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the \______system.

Integumentary

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of...

Negative feedback

In general, the lipids we refer to as oils have

a high degree of unsaturated bonds

A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed an

effector

The number of electrons in an atom is equal to

the number of protons

A polar covalent bond occurs when

two atoms share electrons equally

A buffer...

maintains a relatively constant PH

Enzymes are...

protein molecules that act as biological catalyst

What are the four main tissue categories?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What are the functions of epithelia?

Protection, secretion, absorption, permeability control

Describe the way that epithelia tissues are classified?

By shape and number of layers

The non-living intracellular material in connective tissue is called:

Matrix

Elongated cells capable of contractions would be placed in which basic tissue category?

Muscle

The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air is:

simple squamous epithelial

The 3 categories of connective tissues are

connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and support connective

\_________attach skeletal muscles to bones

Tendons

\_________Connects one bone to another

ligaments

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

mast cells

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are

mesenchymal cells

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

bone

During an inflammation response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?

cold, pale skin

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is \________muscle?

smooth

Cells that store fat are called?

Adipose cells (Adipocytes)

The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is

collagen fibers

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissues are

macrophages

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are

mesenchymal cells

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are

endocrine glands

Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?

Fibroblast

The outer layer of the skin is the:

Epidermis

In treating a burned patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate:

The percentage of surface area affected

The protein in epidermal cells that makes the skin relatively waterproof is

Keratin

The secretion from what gland, in conjunction with bacteria cause body ordor?

Apocrine glands

The protein that protects the inner living skin from the damaging effects or ultraviolet rays is:

Melanin

The epidermal layer containing a single layer of mitotically active columnar cells is the:

Stratum basale

The lunula indicates the location of the

nail matrix

The subcutaneous layer is distinguishable from the dermis by its abundance of

adipose tissue

Rupturing the dermis may cause this to develop:

stretch marks

The two components of the integumentary system are the

cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the

Stratum corneum

Cyanosis signifies that a patient

oxygen-starved skin

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of

melanocyte

An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

vitamin 3D

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

elastin

Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed

dermatitis

While assessing a patient, you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remained peaked. This is a sign of

dehydration

What are the accessory organs of the skin?

hair, nails, exocrine glands

What happens when the arrestor pili muscles contract?

Forces hair to erect (goosebumps)

Hair turns gray or white due to

lack of pigment and air bubbles in the medulla of the hair shaft

Explain the immediate response the skin has to injury

bleeding occurs and scab forms

The protein that reduces water loss at the skin surfaces is

keratin

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

melanin

What are epidermal ridges?

fingerprints

The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the:

basal cells

Jaundice is indicated by

skin and whites of the eyes turning yellow

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of

melanin

Bones that develop within tendons are called \_________bones.

sesamoid

What part of the long bone is primarily responsible for a bone's growth?

Epiphysis

What is ossification?

Tissue is replaced by bone

Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of an

cartilage model

The inferior most part of the sternum is the

xiphoid process

The axial skeleton contains:

The skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax

How many bones make up the axial skeleton?

80

The skull contains \_____ bones.

22