Chem 100 Final

What is the unit for volume?

Liters (L)

What is the unit for time?

Seconds (S), minutes (M)

What is the unit for temperature?

Kelvin (K)

What is the unit for mass?

grams (g)

What is the unit for length?

meters (m)

What is the unit for energy?

Joules (j)

(True or False) The mass of an object is the same as its weight

False

(True or False) A scientific fact is something agreed upon as true

True

(True or False) Heat flows from a lower temperature to a higher one

False

what is potential energy?

stored energy

what is kinetic energy?

energy of motion

what is matter?

has mass and occupies space

what charge is this?

beta charge; negative charge

what charge is this?

alpha charge; positive charge

what charge is this?

gamma charge; no charge

what is discrete frequencies of light for an atom that's like elemental fingerprint

atomic spectra

what is the 2-D model used to show how orbitals are being group together?

Nobel Gas Shells

(True or False) Electron orbitals are known by the letters s, p, d, and f

True

(True or False) The outermost electrons interact more with the environment

True

(True or False) The strong nuclear force works best over a long distance

False

(True or False) Largest nuclei are less likely to be radioactive

False

(True or False) Inner shell shielding weakens electron attraction to the nucleus

True

(True or False) Repulsive electric force is less evident in larger atoms

False

(True or False) Elements with atomic number > 92 cannot be found in nature

True

What is an ion-exchange?

A water softener unit works via a process

What is density?

Solid water floating in liquid water

What is the osmosis?

The flow of a solution from an area of low conc to high conc

What can't purify water?

Detergent

What is polarity?

whether or not two substances are soluble in one another

What is the unit of particles used in concentration?

moles

what is molarity?

The number of particles of a solution

what are polar electrons?

electrons are shared UNEVENLY across a chemical bond

what are non-polar electrons?

electrons shared EVENLY across a chemical bond

what is a solvent?

largest substance in a solution

what is a solute?

component that we add first in a solution

rank of four types of interactions

ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, induced-dipole induced-dipole

how many particles are in a mole?

6.022x10^23

what phases are in condensation?

gas to liquid

what phases are in evaporation?

liquid to gas

what phases are in freezing?

liquid to freezing

what phases are in melting?

solid to liquid

what is physical change?

change in property but the identity has not changed

what is chemical properties?

the identity of a substance to react with other substances

what is chemical change?

change in the way atoms are chemically bonded to one another

what is reacting?

undergoing a chemical reaction

what is the difference of physical change?

substances are the same identity at the end as they started

what is the difference of chemical change?

the old substances no longer exist

what is an element?

an entire sample

what is an atom?

an individual particle

elemental formula

number of atoms that arranged into 1 unit of the element

what happens to the elements across the horizontal row?

elements have increasing mass

what happens to the elements across a vertical column

groups or families of similar properties

what side of the periodic table are metals on?

left side

what side of the periodic table are non-metals on?

right side

what part of the periodic table are melatoids on?

staircase

what is a molecular?

all elements are metals

what is ionic?

at least 1 metal and one of more non-metals

what is a mixture?

a combination of two or more substances that retains its properties

what is pure classification?

a single element or single compound

what is an impure classification?

a mixture and contains two or more elements or compounds

what is a heterogeneous mixture?

different components that are seen as individual substances (orange juice pulp)

what is a homogeneous mixture?

same composition to the naked eye

what is a solution?

components are in the same place

what is a suspension?

particles of a substance are mixed but not dissolved

what is a physical model?

very large or small object and represent on more convent scale

what is a conceptional model?

representation of a system that tells us about it's behavior.

what are isotopes?

atoms of the same element with different number neutrons

what is total mass?

sum of masses of our components

how do you find the total mass?

add protons and neutrons

what is a hypothesis?

explanation that can be tested

what is law?

has been texted and cannot be contradicted

what is theory?

well-tested explanation to unify observations

what is light energy?

charged particles of protons and electrons

oxillations

a field vibrating a particle

what is a compound

atoms of different elements mix and bond to one another

what is frequency?

how fast the wave ocillates

what is high frequency?

shorter wavelength, high energy

what is low frequency?

long wavelength, low energy

what is the unit of wavelength?

hertz (Hz)

which two variables remain constant comparing pressure and volume?

temperature and number of particles

which two variables remain constant when comparing pressure and temperature?

volume and number of particles

which subatomic particle is not included in atomic mass?

electrons

what is white light?

all frequencies of visible light reaches our eyes at the same time

what is a spectroscope?

instrument to observe the color components

what is an atomic spectra?

atoms in gas phase in only certain frequencies of light

which classification is soil (dirt)?

heterogeneous mixture

which classification is pure water?

a compound

which classification is gold?

an element

which classification is air?

a homogenous mixture

(True or False) Charged atoms are called isotopes

False

(True or False) A mixture can only contain elements

False

(True or False) Physical Properties describe the look or feel of something

True

(True or False) Metals are opaque and malleable

True

(True or False) A solution can be separated by centrifugation

False

(True or False) Chemical changes to matter are irreversible

True

(True or False) The 6th and 7th period elements are the noble gases

False

(True or False) Vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups

True

What is a chain reaction?

self-sustaining reaction where products of one reaction initiates further

What is an alloy?

a mixture of two or more metallic elements

what is a critical mass?

the minimum size of a substance needed to sustain a chain reaction.