soc 225 ch 7

T/f sports teams are a powerful social order

t

Strain theorists study why some people _ norms

violate

Social control theorists are interested in why people _ to norms

conform

Control theorists believe that people become criminals when _ forces are weak or absent

controlling

explanation of criminal behaviour that focuses on control mechanisms, techniques, and strategies for regulating human behaviour, leading to conformity or obedience to society’s rules, and which posits that deviance results when social controls are weakened or break down, so that individuals are not motivated to conform to them.

social control theory

Social control emerged in a volume by

Ross

Ross thought _ systems rather than _ Guide people’s actions and universally serve to control behaviour

belief, laws

T/f black: social control found whenever people hold e/o to standards explicitly or implicitly

t

T/f smoking is eg of individual behaviour

t

Goffman: there is something that _ the manner in which society deals with deviance

unites

Foucault: disciplined nature of prison life was _ in other societal institutions; all work to create insidious _ over the individual

mirrored, control

Cohen: less government and criminal justice system over citizens and same/opposite effect

opposite

_ process where decriminalization, diversion and deinstitutionalization result in fewer people being arrested and imprisoned

destructuring

Garland: _ class went from advocating for destructuring to increase punitive, control-focused culture

middle

Costs _ to imprison a young person for a year

95k

study of overall social arrangements, their structures, and their long-term effects

macrosociological study

T/f social control has been studied from macro and micro pov

t

Studying legal system, laws, law enforcement, powerful groups and government and private groups direction socio-economic changes is part of _ study

macro

T/f control of groups can be + or _

t

Social control can be Positive by inhibiting _ breaking via social guidance

rule

Social control can be negative by fostering _ or _ practices by those in power

oppressive, corrupt

Microsociological study focuses on _ systems

informal

A theory of criminality in which the breakdown of effective social bonds, primary-group associations, and social controls in neighborhoods and communities is held to result in development of high-crime areas

social disorganization theory

T/f social disorganization theory linked to anomie

t

T/f Thomas and znaniecki studied what polish peasants from rural Poland experienced when living in Chicago

t

T/f older polish immigrants weren’t affected and continued to live their lives like it had been in Europe after moving to chicago

t

T/f second generation had few of polish traditions but weren’t assimilated into new american ones

t

T/f norms of stable homogenous polish society had not translated to materially oriented urban setting

t

Yeager: first gen immigrants have high/low propensities for crime

low

T/f second and third gen immigrants and higher propensities for crime

t

T/f first gen immigrants tend to be older than crime prone gen

t

Yeager: 2/3rd gen have more crime problems because of culture _ in adopted country

marginality

_ anomie leads to conflict with traditional customs of immigrant parents and loosening of social control

cultural

Park and burgess studied social disorganization theory at U of Chicago and introduced _ analysis of human society

ecological

Study of plants and animals in relation to their natural habitat

ecology

Park and burgess came up with idea of natural _ areas consisting of _ zones

urban, concentric

Zone 1 aka _

loop

Zone demarcated with _ headquarters, law offices, retail

commercial

Zone ii aka zone in _ where _ people lived

transition, poor

Zone iii house _ class

working

Zone iv house _ class

middle

Zone v aka _ zone, containing _

commuter, suburbs

Shaw and McKay found that highest rates of delinquency in were in same/different areas of Chicago even though ethnic composition changed

same

Shaw and McKay’s finding about delinquency showed that rather than _ it was position of group in terms of _ status and cultural values

ethnicity, economic

Evidence suggested that delinquency was socially learned behaviour passed on from generation to gen aka _ transmission

cultural

T/f residents of deteriorated neighborhoods feel less emotional investment to their communities

t

Parents worried about violence on street so kids confined to home except for school attendance; young kids call this _ down

lock

T/f according to psychologists kids who are under lock down are disadvantaged because they don’t know how to survive when they go back to streets

t

T/f fear increases when there’s perception that police care little about neighborhood

t

_ policing: driving around and waiting for crimes to occur

reactive

T/f Rose and clear: when lots of men incarcerated, local systems that are already disorganized become weaker

t

Social and physical incivilities lead to more crime: _ windows theory

broken

_ groups more intolerant of deviance than whites

minority

Chicago school theorists first to suggest that crime was committed by _ people responding in expected ways to their environment

normal

T/f Winnipeg graffiti gallery provide opportunity for young (indigenous) youth to learn norms other than of delinquent peer groups

t

T/f downtown van’s eastside community development project has shown some success

t

Crime costs canada _ per year

85B

Middle and working class tend to escape urban ghetto and leave most _ behind

disadvantaged

T/f social ecologists argue that communities go through life cycle

t

_ deterioration precedes crime rates

neighborhood

Crime rises, neighborhoods go from _ occupied to _ occupied housing

owner, renter

Investors buying cheap real estate and plant o renovate it and make a profit called _

gentrification

Social disorganization theory criticized for focusing on how crime patterns are _ and not how it is started

transmitted

Social disorganization theory criticized for not explaining why delinquents _ committing crime as they get older

stop

Social disorganization theory criticized for not explaining _ class delinquency

middle

Cost to keep woman and man in prison and sustain a uni student

211k, 120k, 30k

Over past 50 years, increased support for both _ (external) and _ (internal) control systems are important forces that keep individuals from committing crimes

social, personal

T/f Personal and social control influenced by classical school theories to and emphasize rationality of human beings

t

Social control theorists add to rational school by suggesting _ and _ controls influence decision making process

internal, external

T/f Toby agreed that social disorganization of neighborhood slums is explains why some communities have high r crime rates while others don’t

t

In slums both _ and _ are powerless to control members’ behaviour

community, family

T/f many law abiding youngsters come from slums

t

Toby: social disorganization approach can explain why one _ has more crime than others but not why an _ becomes deviant while others don’t

neighborhood, individual

Correspondence of individuals behaviour to society's patterns, norms, standards

conformity

_ accounts for individual differences in bad and good neighborhoods

conformity

Who came up with containment theory

reckless

A theory positing that every person possesses a containing external structure and a protective internal structure, both of which provide defence, protection, or insulation against delinquency.

containment theory

Outer containment \= _ cohesion, sense of _

group, belonging

Inter containment: _ control, good self _

self, concept

Schrag crticized containment for having _ definitions

vague

Theorists asked reckless what makes people _

conform

Hirschi claimed social control theory explains _ and adherence to rules, not _

conformity, deviance

Hirschi’s 4 social bonds (ICAB)

attachment, beliefs, involvement, commitment

T/f stronger hirschi’s bonds, less likely to be deviant

t

Significant attachment reduces chance of delinquency because people don’t want to _ relationship

jeopardize

T/f hirschi linked inability to do well in school with delinquency

t

Support and participation in social activities that tie the individual to the society’s moral or ethical code eg college boys being mentors for at risk boys

commitment

Preoccupation with activities that promote interests of society eg doing homeowork and EC rather than smoking and drinking

involvement

Assents to society’s value system

beliefs

T/f hirschi critiqued for havin got few questionnaire items to measure social bonds

t

T/f hirschi critiqued for not describing chain of events that lead to inadequate bonds

t

T/f hirschi critiqued for creating artificial division of socialized vs unsocialized youths

t

Social control theory explains no more than _ % of delinquent behaviour

50

Did hirschi look explicitly at sex differences

no

Potential explanation why women have higher rates of conformity and lower rates of criminality - they have higher levels of social _

control

Strong bonds created through nurturing between parent and child - ethic of _

care

T/f According to ethics of care girls might become delinquent because they are doing the caring but not being cared for

t

T.f modern women attached to job and career are even more conforming to society

t

Matza: juveniles have moral _ to be bound by the law

obligation

A _ between person and law (creates responsibility and control) remains in place most of the time

bind