Plant Science Exam #4

Sperm producing structure that maybe unicellular or multicellular?

antheridia

Which type of gametangia produce a single egg?`

archegoneia

Which structure covers the capsule and is derived from the archegonium?

calyptra

Is the capsule sporangia or gametangia?

sporangia

Are multicellular bodies that give rise to new gametophytes.

gemmae

This type of body is not differentiated into roots, stems, or leaves.

thallus

What is the suffix for plant phylums?

-phyta

What is the suffix for plant classes?

-opsida

What is the suffix for plant subclasses?

-idae

What is the suffix for plant families?

-aceae

Bryophytes are (vascular/nonvascular) (seeded/seedless).

nonvascular seedless

Ferns, clubmosses, whisk ferns, and horsetails are (seeded/seedless) and (vascular/nonvascular) plants.

seedless and vascular

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are (seeded/seedless)

seeded

Which type of plants originated first (vascular/seed)

vascular

Which type of habitats are bryophytes found in?

moist habitats

Which plant type are important initial colonizers?

bryophytes with lichens

Bryophytes are often sensitive to?

air pollution

____ are transitional between charophycean green algae and vascular plants.

bryophytes

In both vascular and bryophyte plants the sporophyte is?

multicellular diploid

In both vascular and bryophyte plants the sporangia are?

multicellular

In both vascular and bryophyte plants the spores have walls containing?

sporopollenin

In both vascular and bryophytes the tissues are produced by?

apical meristem

In both vascular and bryophytes the zygote and embryo are retained within the?

archegonium

Bryophytes differ from vascular plants in that their conducting tissue cell walls are not?

lignified

In which generation are bryophytes dominant?

gametophyte

In which generation are vascular plants dominant?

sporophyte

How are bryophytes usually attached to a substrate?

rhizoids

Bryophyte cells are interconnected with?

plasmodesmata

most bryophytes reproduce?

asexually

In bryophytes the only flagellated cells are?

sperm

Which structure produced sperm?

antheridium

The zygote under goes mitosis to generate the _____ which eventually mature into a sporophyte.

embyro

The nutrient transport between gametophytes and sporophytes are?

apoplastic

Where does fertilization occur in bryophytes?

archegonium

Which structures make up a mature sporophyte?

-foot in archegonium,

-seta (stalk)

-capsule (sporangium)

What is the term for all plants?

embyrophytes

Embryophytes produce many-celled _____ sporophyte.

diploid

What is the most decay and chemical resistant biopolymer?

sporopollenin

Charophyte zygotes are lined with?

sporopollenin

What is the juvenile stage formed in all mosses and some liverworts?

protonemata

Phylum ____ are the liverworts.

hepatophyta

Phylum _____ are the hornworts.

anthocerophyta

Phylum ____ are the mosses.

bryophyta

Which plants are the simplest plants?

liverworts

In liverworts, gametophytes develop directly from?

spores

Which plant is described:

-simplest,

-no stomata,

-lack vascular tissue,

liverworts

Which plants are in clade 1 of the liverworts?

complex thalloid liver worts

What is the unifying characteristic of Clade 1 of liverworts?

internal tissue differentiation

What is the unifying characteristic of Clade 2 of liverworts?

ribbons of undifferentiated tissue

Which type of liverworts are included in clade 2?

-leafy liverworts

-simple thalloid liverworts

Complex thalloid liverworts have their sporophytes deeply embedded in?

gametophytes

The gametophytes of the complex thalloid liverwort marchantia are?

unisexual

Marchantia are distinguished by?

gametophores

Marchantia reproduce using?

gemma cups to produce gemmae

Leafy liverworts are abundant in?

tropics and subtropics

Leafy liverworts are usually well branched and form?

mays

The leaves of leafy liverworts consist of how many layers of cells?

one layer

The antheridia of leafy liverworts are lateral and encased in the?

androecium

The archegonium and developing sporophyte of leafy liverworts are encased in?

terminal perianth

Which phylum is described:

-300 species,

-no specialized conducting tissue,

-unicellular rhizoid?

phylum anthocerophyta

In hornworts the sporophytes grows from the?

basal intercalary meristem

In hornworts where is the basal intercalary meristem located?

between foot and sporangium

In hornworts the sporophyte (has/has not) stomata.

has stomata

The sporophytes of bryophyte have complex patterns of ?

dehiscence

Define dehiscence

partial or total separation of wound layers

Which class of the phylum bryophyte are the peat mosses?

sphagnidae

Which class of the phylum bryophyte are the granite mosses?

andreaeidae

Which class of the phylum bryophyte are the true mosses?

bryidae

What are the two genera of class sphagnidae?

genus ambuchanania

genus sphagnum

Which subclass of bryophyte diverged early from the main line of moss evolution?

sphagnidae

How do sphagnidaes usually reproduce?

asexually via fragmentation

Sphagnidae have explosive?

operculum

In gametophytes of sphagnidae the dead leaf cells called ____ fill with water.

hyaline cells

In sphagnidae the leaves are the most dense at which point?

tips

The protonema of peat mosses grow by?

marginal meristems

With the explosive operculum of peat mosses what happens as they dry?

sides collapse

The ______ in peat moss shows antiseptic properties.

phenolic compounds

Describe the water holding capacity of peat moss?

up to 20 times its dry weight

peatlands occupy what percentage of the earth's surface?

1-3%

Which bryophytes plays an extremely large role in the global carbon cycle?

peat moss

In the genus andreaea the protonema has how many roles of cells and the rhizae have howmany rows of cells?

protonema 2 or more

rhizoid 2 rows

Where do granite mosses grow?

on rocks in mountainous or arctic regions

In bryidae the stem of gametophyte and sporophytes have a central strand of water conducting tissue called the?

hadrom

In bryidae _____ are food conducting cells.

petoids

What is a unique characteristic of Bryidae?

peristomes

Describe the growth patterns of true mosses

cushiony or feathery

Describe the gametophyte of cushiony true mosses?

erect

Describe the sporophyte of cushiony true mosses?

terminal

Describe the gametophyte of feathery?

branched