Body structure Study Guide

What is the correct order of the levels of organization in the human body?

Cell → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism

What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells working together to perform a common function.

What is an organ?

Two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions.

What is an organ system?

A group of organs working together to perform major body functions.

What is an organism?

A complete living being composed of multiple organ systems.

What cavities make up the dorsal cavity?

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.

What cavities make up the ventral cavity?

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

What organs are found in the thoracic cavity?

Heart (pericardial cavity) and lungs (pleural cavities).

What organs are found in the abdominal cavity?

Stomach, liver, spleen, intestines.

What organs are found in the pelvic cavity?

Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.

How can infection travel from pelvic to abdominal cavity?

Through physical space and circulatory/lymphatic systems.

What is anatomical position?

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, feet apart.

What does anterior mean?

Toward the front of the body.

What does posterior mean?

Toward the back of the body.

What does superior mean?

Toward the head; above.

What does inferior mean?

Toward the feet; below.

What does medial mean?

Toward the midline.

What does lateral mean?

Away from the midline.

What does proximal mean?

Closer to the point of attachment.

What does distal mean?

Farther from the point of attachment.

What does superficial mean?

Toward the surface of the body.

What does deep mean?

Away from the surface; more internal.

What is the difference between prone and supine?

Prone = face down; Supine = face up.

What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?

Left and right portions.

What does the midsagittal plane divide the body into?

Equal left and right halves.

What does the frontal (coronal) plane divide the body into?

Anterior and posterior sections.

What does the transverse plane divide the body into?

Superior and inferior sections.

In a transverse image, which side shows the patient’s right side?

The left side of the image.

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?

RH, EPI, LH; RL, UMB, LL; RI, HYPO, LI.

What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?

Liver (right lobe), gallbladder, right kidney.

What organs are in the epigastric region?

Stomach, liver (left lobe), pancreas, duodenum.

What organs are in the left hypochondriac region?

Stomach (fundus), spleen, left kidney.

What organs are in the right lumbar region?

Ascending colon, right kidney, small intestine.

What organs are in the umbilical region?

Small intestine, transverse colon.

What organs are in the left lumbar region?

Descending colon, left kidney.

What organs are in the right iliac region?

Cecum, appendix.

What organs are in the hypogastric region?

Bladder, uterus, sigmoid colon.

What organs are in the left iliac region?

Sigmoid colon, descending colon.

What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ.

What organs are in the RUQ?

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas.

What organs are in the LUQ?

Stomach, spleen, pancreas (body/tail).

What organs are in the RLQ?

Appendix, cecum.

What organs are in the LLQ?

Sigmoid colon, descending colon.

The pelvic cavity is to the abdominal cavity.

Caudal.

What is the plural of pneumothorax?

Pneumothoraces.

What directional term describes the bladder relative to vertebrae?

Anterior.

In what abdominopelvic region is the ascending colon found?

Right lumbar region.

In what quadrant is the sigmoid colon found?

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ).

What plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

Transverse plane.