Skeletal System Review

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Protection, movement, erythropoiesis, and storage of Ca + P

A mature bone is called an …

osteocyte

The minerals that are stored in the matrix of the bone are …

Ca and P

The subunits of compact bone are called …

osteons

The subunits of spongy bone are called …

trabeculae

… is located on the outside of bones (contain DCT and an oseteogenic layer)

periosteum

The medullary cavity contains …

yellow marrow

Red bone marrow is found in the …

spongy bone

RBC’s production in red bone marrow is called …

erythropoiesis

Growth plate is called the …

epiphyseal plate

Forms covering bones of skull, jaw, and collarbone

intramembranous ossification

Forms long bones

endochondral ossification

A membrane is converted to bone

intramembranous ossification

Hyaline cartilage is converted to bone

endochondral ossification

Growth completed at adulthood

endochondral and intramembranous ossification

The axial skeleton contains all the following except for (skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, or lower extremities)

lower extremities

Bones loose … as an individual gets older and thus become brittle

Ca

Ossification is the process by which … are made

bones

The small canals that allow calcium to be excreted from bone

canaliculi

Blood vessels and nerves are found in the … of a bone

central canal

The concentric rings of an osteon that allow osteocytes to line up

lamellae

… from the … gland lowers blood calcium by causing its deposition in bone

calcitonin; thyroid

… from the … gland increases activity of osteoclasts therefore releasing calcium from the bone

PTH; parathyroid

Erythropoiesis takes place in …

spongy bone

The procedure of setting a fracture without a surgery

open reduction

A fracture in which the break across the bone is incomplete

partial

Bone is broken into two or more pieces

complete

Bone doesn’t break through skin

closed (simple)

Broken end of bone protrudes through skin

open (compound)

Bone is splintered at the site of impact

comminuted

Partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends

greenstick

The bone is twisted apart due to the fracture

spiral

Fracture at right angles to the long axis of the bone

transverse

A fracture in which one fragment is firmly driven into another

impacted

A fracture of the distal end of the fibula, with serious injury of the distal tibial articulation

potts

A fracture of the distal end of the radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly

colles

A fracture in which the anatomical alignment of the bone fragment is not preserved

displaced

A partial fracture due to inability to withstand repeated stress (about 25% of all fractures involve the distal end of the fibula)

stress

A fracture due to weakness of bone caused by a disease (such as osteomyelitis or osteoporosis)

pathological

Cribriform plate and crista galli

ethmoid

External auditory meatus, mastoid process, styloid process

temporal

Foramen magnum and occipital condyles

occipital

Sella turcica

sphenoid

Superior alveolar arches

Maxilla

Inferior alveolar arches

mandible

Mandibular foramen

mandible

Nasal septum

vomer

Bone which forms bridge of nose

nasal

The only moveable bone of the face is …

mandible

Bone which contains the sockets of the upper teeth

maxilla

Bones that are covered by the olfactory epithelium

nasal conchae

Bone which forms the nasal septum

vomer

Bone which anchors the tongue in place

hyoid

Found in the sphenoid bone; houses the pituitary gland

sella turcica

Bones that make up the hard palate

palatines

Bones that house the tear glands

lacrimal bones

House the teeth

alveolar arches

Hole in the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to connect to the brain stem

foramen magnum

The membranous soft spots of a newborn

fontanel

Immovable joints found between the bones of the skull

sutures

Allows the olfactory neurons to reach the brain

cribriform plate

Lightens the skull; resonates sound

sinus

Bone that protects the organs of hearing

temporal bone

Ring shaped vertebrae, supports the head, has no spine or body, forms the atlanto-occipital joint with occipital condyles

atlas

Allows the no motion of the head

axis

A large, triangular bone at the base of the spine

sacrum

Made by fusing 3-5 bone (common name is tailbone)

coccyx

The … of a vertebrae allows the spinal cord to pass

intervertebral foramen

The … of a vertebrae allows the cranial nerves to pass

transverse foramen

Number of true ribs

7

Number of false ribs

3

Number of floating ribs

2

The breastbone is the …

sternum

The collar bone is the …

clavicle

The part of the sternum where the muscles attach

xiphoid process

The organs that protect the thorax

heart, lung, and stomach

Scientific name for the rib

costal

The function of the intercostal muscles

helps with breathing

The pectoral girdle is an incomplete ring because it is open in the back between the …

scapula

The medial ends of the clavicles articulate with the … of the sternum

manubrium

The scapular … divides the posterior side of the scapulae into unequal portions

spine

Lower arm bone on pinky finger side

ulna

Wrist bones

carpals

Lower arm bone on thumb side

radius

Finger bones

phalanges

Upper arm bone

humerus

Hand bones

metacarpals

The pectoral girdle includes 2 …

clavicles and scapula

The functions of the pectoral girdle

supports and protects

The clavicle articulates with the …

scapula and sternum

The head of the femur articulates with the pelvis at …

acetabulum

The bones of the wrist articulate distally with the …

metacarpals

The large foramen located between the pubic and ischial remi

obturator foramen

The supraspinatus and infraspinatus are parts of the … bone

scapula

The … bone transmits weight from femur to ankle

tibia

Medial malleolus of the tibia articulates with the …

talus

Lateral malleolus articulates with the …

calcaneus

Each coxae of the pelvic girdle consists of 3 fused bones

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Scientific name for the hip bones

iliac crest

Tunnel through which run the tendon and nerves to the hand

carpal tunnel