ART APPRECIATION

CREATIVITY

Requires thinking outside the box

IMAGINATION

Requires thinking outside the box

EXPRESSION

Reflection of their inner self

VISUAL ART

• appeals to sense of sight

• population is most likely more exposed

FILM

art of putting together succession of still images in order to create an illusion of movement

PERFORMANCE ART

live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human body

POETRY PERFORMANCE

artist expresses his emotions thru words

ARCHITECTURE

making of beautiful buildings

3 IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE

• Plan

• Construction

• Design

DANCE

series of movement that follows the rhythm of the music accompaniment

LITERARY ART

focuses on writing using unique style, not following a specific format or norm

THEATER

uses live performers and have live audience

MUSIC

art of sound expresses thru a song, thru the use of instruments or a combination of both

APPLIED ARTS

incorporating elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim of increasing their aesthetic value

PLATO

Art as an imitation

ARISTOTLE

Art as an Representation

IMMANUEL KANT

Art as Disinterested Judgment

LEO TOLSTOY

Art as a Communication of Emotion

BEAUTY

identical to goodness

ARS

Latin word of ART

ART

craft or specific skill

• made by man

• a product of a specific skill

For something to be considered an “artwork” it should be:

• Art is Universal

• Art is not Nature

• Art involves Experience

ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT ART

• NATURE

• PEOPLE

• HISTORY

• LEGENDS

• RELIGION

• MYTHOLOGY

• DREAMS AND FANTASIES

• TECHNOLOGY

SOURCES OF SUBJECT

CONTENT

• Answer the question why?

• the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the

  artwork

SUBJECT

• Answer the question what?

• refers to the visual focus of the image that may be extracted

from examining the artwork

FORM

• Answer the question how?

• the development and configuration of the artwork

• how the elements and the medium or material are put together

FACTUAL MEANING

literal statement or the narrative content in the work

CONVENTIONAL MEANING

special meaning that a certain object or color has for a particular culture or group of people.

Representational art

– refer to objects or events occurring in the

real world

- also called figurative art because the figures

depicted are easy to make out and decipher

Non-representational art

- does not make a reference to the real world

whether it is a person, place, thing or even a

particular event

- mainly visual elements such as shapes,

lines and colors that are employed to

translate a particular

Subjective meaning

– these meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’ circumstances that come into play when engaging with art. The meaning may not be singular, rather, multiple and varied.

Stones and Bricks

- Stones are favored over other materials for its durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment and its use for building simple structures in its natural state.

Lumber (wood)

- All parts of a building can be constructed using wood except the

foundations.

Iron and Steel

- Provide stronger and taller structures with less use of material when compared to stone or wood.

Concrete

- Mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand and gravel.

• Stones and Bricks

• Lumber (Wood)

• Concrete

Materials that are used for Creating Building and Infrastructures:

Poetry

It used to follow strict rules s to the number and length of lines and stanzas but in

recent years they have become more free-flowing

Fiction

Written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative language.

Non-fiction

Subject matter comes from real life.

Drama

Includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be performed.

Vocal Medium

the oldest and most popular medium for music is the human voice. It is the most personal as it comes from within the person.

SOPRANO

is the highest female singing voice.

Contra Alto –

is a female singing voice that is low and rich in quality.

Tenor

is the highest adult male singing voice.

Bass

is a male singing voice that is low and rich in quality.

Baritone

is a male singing voice that is between tenor and bass.

Instrumental Medium

the materials that produce/create sound. These medium may be natural or invented to produce a distinct type of sound.

String instruments

• provide the basic orchestral sounds. They produce tones by means of the vibrations of the stretched strings.

Bowed strings

produce tones by means of a bow or horse hair.

Plucked strings

produce tones by plucking the string with a finger or with a plectrum held in one’s hand.

Woodwind instruments

• create sounds by blowing into them.

Sounds can be altered by shortening or lengthening the column of air inside the instrument.

Brass instruments

have cup-shaped mouthpieces and expands into a bell-shaped end. The sound can be altered depending on the tension of the lips.

Percussion instruments

make sound by hitting them with the hand, special sticks or by striking or shaking their parts together.

Keyboard instruments

make sound by means of a keyboard which consists of a series of black and white keys.

• Classical music

• Folk music

• Pop music

• Jazz

• Blues

• Rock music

• Alternative music

Some Genres of Music

Stone

a natural medium. It

is hard and relatively

permanent. Sculptures

made from stone will last for

many years. Marble is

deemed by sculptors as the

most beautiful stone for

sculpture.

Wood

also a natural

medium. Compared to

stone, wood is relatively

easy to work on. The major

weaknesses of wood is

moisture that causes it to

rot; fire and termites.

rot, fire, and termites

Weakness of wood

Metal

the medium is used

for sculpture because of its

three unique qualities: tensile

strength, ductility and

malleability. The ideal metals

for sculptures are alloys

(stainless steel, bronze and

brass)

Plaster

specifically,

Plaster of Paris, is finely

ground gypsum mixed with

water and poured into a

mold.

Terra cotta (cooked

earth)

this is baked

clay or clay fired in a

kiln at a relatively high

temperature. The major

weakness of clay is its

fragility; it breaks easily.

Glass

this is made by

heating and cooling a

combination of sand and

soda lime. Glass may be

transparent, translucent

or opaque.

Plastic

a synthetic

medium made from

organic polymers. While

plastic is soft, it can be

molded into a form.

A. Graphic or Two-dimensional Art

B. Plastic or Three-dimensional Art

Two types of Visual Art

Drawing

– the fundamental skill needed in the visual art

Pencil

this is made of

graphite which comes in

different hardness or

thickness, making possible

a wide range of value

Hatching

is drawing a series of parallel lines that run in the same direction

Cross–hatching

is drawing a series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set of thin parallel lines.

Stippling

is using the sharp point of the pencil to make dot patterns to create depth in some parts of the drawing.

Blending

accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump to gradually change the tone from dark to light.

Ink

one of the oldest material for

drawing that is still in use. It allows

for a great variety of qualities,

depending on the tools and

technique used in application.

Pastel

composed of dry

pigment held together by a

gum binder and compressed

into sticks. There are 3 kinds

of pastel: soft pastel, hard

pastel and oil pastel.

Charcoal

this is an

organic medium that

comes from burnt wood.

There are 2 kinds of

charcoal: the

compressed or

manufactured charcoal

and the vine charcoal.

Paper

the most common

surface used in two-

dimensional art. Paper is an

organic material made from

wood, grass and linen rags.

There are generally 3 types of

paper: hot-pressed paper is

smooth, cold-pressed paper has

moderate texture, and the

rough paper has the most

texture.

Painting

described as the art of creating beautiful effects on a

flat surface. It is the process of applying paint onto a smooth

surface like paper, cloth, canvas, wood or plaster.

Watercolor

for watercolor

paints, the pigments are

mixed with water and applied

to paper.

Gouache

this is paint in

which the pigment has been

mixed with water and added

with a chalk-like material to

give it an opaque effect.

Oil Paints

the pigments are

mixed with oil as its binder. This

medium was discovered by a

Flemish painter Jan Van Eyck in

the 15th century.

Tempera

this is pigment

mixed with egg yolk as

binder. Sometimes gum or

glue is used in place of egg.

The ideal surface for

tempera is wood.

Fresco

this is pigment

mixed with water and

applied on a portion of the

wall with wet plaster. The

wet plaster allows the color

to stick to the surface and

thus, becomes a permanent

part of the wall.

Acrylic

this is the modern

medium of synthetic paint

using acrylic emulsion as

binder. It is widely used by

contemporary painters. It

has the quick drying

quality of watercolor and is

as flexible as oil paints.

Mosaic

are wall or floor decorations made of small

tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass

called tesserae. These are meticulously fitted together

to form a pattern and glued with plaster or cement.

Collage

derived from a French word “coller”

which means “to stick”. A collage is a

technique of making an artwork by gluing or

pasting on a firm support materials or found

objects

Printmaking

a process used for making reproductions of

graphic works. Printmaking allows for the repeated

Sculpture

the word sculpture has originated from the

Latin word “sculpere” which means “to carve”. It is defined

as the art or practice of creating three-dimensional forms

or figures.

Freestanding

these are

sculptures which can be

viewed from all sides.

Relief

These are sculptures in which the figures project from

a background.

Low relief (bas relief)

the figures are

slightly raised from its background,

less shadows are created.

High relief

almost half of the

figures project from its

background, more shadows are

created.

Kinetic (mobiles)

A sculpture that is capable of movement by

wind, water or other forms of energy.

MUSIC

defined as the art of combining and regulating

sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions that

expresses various ideas and feelings.

Rhythm

is a movement or pattern with uniform recurrence

of accented and unaccented beat.

Melody

is the succession of tones arranged in such a

way as to give it a musical sense. It may also refer to the

rising and falling of the tune in time.

Harmony

is a sounding of a series or group of tones at the same time. It may also refer to the pleasing sound that is produced when two or more notes are played together.

Timbre

is tonal quality or the character of the tone that

is produced by an instrument or by the human voice.

Form

is the structure or framework of a composition.

Opera

is a drama set to music complete with actions,

costumes and scenery

Cantata

is a religious story told in music without actions.