APUSH Unit 3

Chapters 6-9, 1775-1800

When was the committees of correspondence formed?

1772

When was King Williams war?

1689-1697

When was the Sugar Act?

1764

What acts were passed in 1765?

Quartering and Stamp Act

When was the Stamp Act Congress?

1765

What acts were in 1766?

Declaratory and Townshend Acts

What Acts were passed in 1774?

Intolerable Acts and the Quebec Act

When was Queen Anne’s War?

1702-1713

When were the first navigation Laws made?

1650

Who were French people living in Nova Scotia, many were uprooted by the British in 1775

Acadians

What was a war that lasted 9 years between the British and French in North America War

French and Indian

What was the 1st Global War, had battels on four continents from 1756-1783

Seven Years War

What was the intercolonial congress to unite the colonies and assure the Iroquois support in the war against France

Albany Congress

Who were trained professional soldiers used during the French and Indian War

Regulars

What and when was the British victory over the French at Quebec marked the end of the French rule in North America?

Battle of Quebec in 1769

What was the bloody campaign waged by Ottawa chief Pontiac to force the British out of Ohio Country, was crushed by British forces who used blankets infested with smallpox to crush the rebellion

Pontiac’s War

What was was the decree issues by Parliament that didn’t allow settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains

The Proclamation of 1763

What was the political theory of representative government with a strong liberty of civics

Republicanism

Who were British political commentators whos’ writing shaped American politics

Radical Whigs

What was the economic theory that closely linked a nations political and military power to its wealth

Mercantilism

What was a tax on imported sugar from the West Indies put on the colonies by the crown

Sugar Act

What required colonist to provide food and shelter to British troops

Quartering Act

What was a tax on paper goods that was repealed in 1766

Stamp tax

What was an assembly of delegates from nine colonies that met in NYC to make a repeal for the stamp act

Stamp Act Congress

What were boycotts against British goods

Nonimportation Agreements

Who were a patriotic group that had a central role in enforcing the nonimportation agreement

Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty

What were taxes on glass, white lead, paper, pain, and tea that sparked rebellion

Townshend Acts

What and when was a clash between colonists in Boston and Redcoats that killed/wounded 11 citizens?

Boston Massacre 1770

What were local committees established in the 13 colonies to exchange letters and pamphlets

Committees of correspondence

What was a protest in Boston against the British East India Company’s monopoly where colonist disguised as Indians and dumped tea into the Boston Harbor

Boston Tea Party

What were acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party, that closed Boston’s ports and removed Boston rights from their charter

Intolerable Acts

What allowed French residence in Quebec to keep their political and religious institutions and gave them more land near the Ohio River as a result of the Boston Tea Party

Quebec Act

What was the convention of delegates from 12 colonies in Philly that called for a complete boycott of British goods?

First Continetal Congress

What and when was the nonimportation agreement made during the 1st Continental Congress called?

The Association 1774

What were the first battels of the Revolutionary war called and when did they occur?

The Battels of Lexington and Concord 1775

What was the camp where Washington’s army spent the winter and many men died or diserted?

Valley Forge

Who were women and children who followed the Continental Army during the American Revolution, cooking and sewing for rations?

Camp followers

Who was a British Parliament person who was the cause of Britain victory over France?

William Pitt

Who was a Boston smuggler and prominent leader of the colonial resistance who was the president of the 2nd continental congress, and was the first governor of Massachusetts?

John Hancock

Who was a British Prime Minister who enforced the Navigation laws strictly and supported the Sugar and Stamp Acts?

George Grenville

Who was the British prime minister whose ill-conceived duties on the colonies, the Townshend Acts, sparked fierce protests in the colonies and escalated the imperial conflict?

Charles Townshend

Who was a runaway slave and leader of the Boston protests that resulted in the "Boston Massacre," in which he was the first to die?

Crispus Attucks

Who was the British monarch during the run-up to the American Revolution?

George III

Who was a Tory prime minister and pliant aide to George III from 1770 to 1782

Lord North

Who was a Boston revolutionary who organized Massachusetts Committees of Correspondence, and a delegate of the 1st and 2nd Continental Congress?

Samuel Adams

Who was a royal governor of Massachusets before the Revolution and said that the East India Company should ship tea into the Boston Harbor?

Thomas Hutchinson

Who was a French nobleman who was a major general in the colonial army during the Revolution

Marquis de Lafayette

Who was a German-born inspector general of the continental army who helped train the colonial militia?

Baron von Steuben

Who was a Royal governor of Virginia who, in 1775, promised freedom to runaway slaves who joined the British army?

Lard Dunmore

Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the Declaration of Independence and managed the colonial war effort.

Second Continental Congress

Fought on the outskirts of Boston, on Breed’s Hill, the battle ended in the colonial militia’s retreat, though at a heavy cost to the British.

Battle of Bunker Hill

Conciliatory measure adopted by the Continental Congress, professing American loyalty and seeking an end to the hostilities. King George rejected the petition and proclaimed the colonies in rebellion.

Olive Branch Petition

German troops hired from their princes by George III to aid in putting down the colonial insurrection

Hessians

Thomas Paine’s pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government.

Common Sense

The formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress allowed America to get aid from other countries

Declaration of Independence

Declaration of rights adopted during the French Revolution. Modeled after the American Declaration of Independence.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

American colonists who opposed the Revolution and maintained their loyalty to the king; sometimes referred to as “Tories.”

Loyalists

Colonists who supported the American Revolution; they were also known as “Whigs.”

Patriots

Battle for the control of New York. British troops overwhelmed the colonial militias and retained control of the city for most of the war.

Battle of Long Island

George Washington surprised and captured a garrison of sleeping German Hessians, raising the morale of his crestfallen army and setting the stage for his victory at Princeton a week later.

Battle of Trenton

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York, which helped secure French support for the Revolutionary cause.

Battle of Saratoga

Sample treaty drafted by the Continental Congress as a guide for American diplomats. Reflected the Americans’ desire to foster commercial partnerships rather than political or military entanglements.

Model Treaty

Treaty signed by the United States and the pro-British Iroquois granting Ohio Country to the Americans.

Treaty of Fort Stanwix

Privately owned armed ships authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping during the Revolutionary War. More numerous than the tiny American navy, privateers inflicted heavy damages on British shippers.

Privateers

George Washington, with the aid of the French army, besieged Cornwallis at Yorktown, while the French naval fleet prevented British reinforcements from coming ashore.

Battle of Yorktown

Peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States ending the Revolutionary War. The British formally recognized American independence and ceded territory east of the Mississippi while the Americans, in turn, promised to restore Loyalist property and repay debts to British creditors.

Treaty of Paris

Revolutionary War officer who, along with Benedict Arnold, fought British and Indian forces in frontier New York and Vermont.

Ethen Allen

Revolutionary War general turned traitor who valiantly held off a British invasion of upstate New York at Lake Champlain but later switched sides, plotting to sell out the Continental stronghold at West Point to the redcoats. His scheme was discovered and the disgraced general fled to British lines.

Benedict Arnold

Irish-born British army veteran who served as a general in the Continental army during the Revolution. He joined Benedict Arnold in a failed attempt to seize Québec in 1775.

Richard Montgomery

British-born pamphleteer and author of Common Sense, a fiery tract that laid out the case for American independence

Thomas Paine

The wife of President John Adams. Abigail had her own opinions about the course of the American Revolution and urged her husband to take the needs and rights of women into consideration in the construction of the new government.

Abigail Adams

Virginia planter and revolutionary who served as a member of the Continental Congress. He first introduced the motion asserting America’s independence from Britain, which was later supplanted by Thomas Jefferson’s more formal and rhetorically moving declaration, who was the 1st senator from Virginia under the new constitution.

Richard Henry Lee

British general during the Revolutionary War who, having failed to crush Greene’s forces in South Carolina, retreated to Virginia, where his defeat at Yorktown marked the beginning of the end for Britain’s efforts to suppress the colonial rebellion

Lord Charles Cornwallis

British general who, despite victories on the battlefield, failed to deal a crushing blow to Washington’s Continental army.

William Howe

British general who led an ill-fated invasion of upstate New York, suffering a crushing defeat and surrendered to the American general Horatio Gates at Saratoga.

John Burgoyne

American printer, inventor, statesman, and revolutionary, who wrote Poor Richards Almanac

Ben Franklin

General in command of the Continental army in the Carolina campaign of 1781. The "Fighting Quaker" successfully cleared most of Georgia and South Carolina of British troops despite losing a string of minor battles.

Nathanael Greene

Mohawk chief and Anglican convert who sided with the British during the Revolutionary War, believing that only a British victory could halt American westward expansion.

Joseph Brant

First American constitution that established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes.

Articles of Confederation

Territories acquired by the federal government from the states, encompassing land northwest of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes.

Old Northwestern

Provided for the sale of land in the Old Northwest and earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories. It included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories.

Northwest Ordinance

Armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures.

Shays Rebellion

“Large state” proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress.

Virginia Plan

“Small-state plan” put forth at the Philadelphia convention, proposing equal representation by state, regardless of population, in a unicameral legislature.

New Jersey Plan

Popular term for the measure that reconciled the New Jersey and Virginia Plans at the Constitutional Convention, giving states proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.

The Great Compromise

Laws that originate from court rulings and customs, as opposed to legislative statute short constitution and loosely interpreted

Common Law

Body of written law enacted through legislative statutes or constitutional provisions long constitution and interpreted strictly

Civil Law

Determined that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation

3/5 compromise

Mechanism for electing presidents of the United States. Each state has a number of electors equal to its total number of senators and representatives

Electoral College

Opponents of the 1787 Constitution, wanted strong state governments and a weak central government

Antifederalists

Proponents of the 1787 Constitution, they favored a strong national government

Federalists

Collection of essays written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton and published during the ratification debate in New York to lay out the federalists’ arguments in favor of the new Constitution

The Federalist Papers

To separate an official state church from its connection with the government.

Disestablish

Measure enacted by the Virginia legislature prohibiting state support for religious institutions and recognizing freedom of worship and was a model for the 1st amendment

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Willingness on the part of citizens to sacrifice personal self-interest for the public good

Civic virtue

The ideal of family organization and female behavior after the American Revolution stressed the role of women in guiding family members toward republican virtue.

Republican motherhood

Revolutionary War veteran who led a group of debtors and impoverished backcountry farmers in a rebellion against the Massachusetts government in 1786, calling for paper money, lighter taxes, and an end to property seizures for debt.

Daniel Shays

American revolutionary and champion of states’ rights, became a prominent antifederalist during the ratification debate, opposing what he saw as despotic tendencies in the new national constitution.

Patrick Henry

Popular term for the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Bill of Rights