Axial Skeleton

Parietal Bone

Squamosal Suture

Parietal connected to the temporal by

Lambdoidal Suture

Parietal connected to occipital by

Temporal bone

Occipital Bone

Zygomatic Process

coronal suture

Parietal connected to the frontal by

sphenoid bone

Part of the floor of the cranium•Unites cranial and facial bones•Strengthens sides of the skull•Contains sphenoidal sinuses

Nasal bone

Functions of the nasal bones•Support the bridge of the nose •Connect to cartilages of the distal part of the nose (external nares)

Ethmoid sinuses

Forms anteromedial floor of the cranium•Roof of the nasal cavity•Part of the nasal septum and medial orbital wall•Contains ethmoidal air cells (network of sinuses)

Infraorbital foramen

For sensory nerve to brain (via foramen rotundum of sphenoid)

Maxilla

support upper teeth•Form inferior orbital rim•Form lateral margins of external nares•Form upper jaw and hard palate•Contain maxillary sinuses (largest sinuses)

Mandible

Forms the lower jaw

Styloid Process

To attach tendons and ligaments of the hyoid, tongue, and pharynx

Zygomatic bone

Contribute to the rim and lateral wall of the orbit•Form part of the zygomatic arch

mastoid process

For muscle attachment•Contains mastoid air cells connected to middle ear

external auditory meatus

occipital condyle

Palatine process

form the hard palate (roof of mouth)

vomer

Forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

foramen magnum

frontal sinus

Air space inside, connected to respiratory system

sphenoid sinus

On either side of the body•Inferior to the sella turcica

maxillary sinus

manubrium

ribs

body

sternum

xiphoid process

costal cartilage

coccyx

Frontal squama

Glabella

Flat portion above/ between brows

Supraorbital Margin

ridge above eye socket

Supraorbital Foramen

Supraorbital nerve and artery

Saggital suture

Parietal connected together by

Petrous Portion

Contains ear ossicles

Encloses structures of the inner ear

Internal Auditory meatus

For blood vessels and nerves of the inner ear•Facial nerve

Jugular Foramen

Mandibular Fossa

Carotid Canal

External Occipital Protuberance

Hypoglossal Canal

A depression within the sella turcica•Holds the pituitary gland

Posterior Cranial Fossa

Greater wings

Form part of the cranial floor•Sphenoidal spine•Posterior wall of the orbit

Body of Sphenoid

Pterygoid Process

Medial and lateral plates

Form pterygoid plates•To attach muscles of the lower jaw and soft palate

Optic Canal

Superior Orbital Fissure

for blood vessels and nerves of the orbit

Foramen Lacerum

Foramen Spinosum

for blood vessels and nerves of the jaws

Lesser wings

Anterior to the sella turcica

Sella Turcica

Saddle-shaped enclosure•On the superior surface of the body

Sphenoid Sinus

Foramen Rotundum

for blood vessels and nerves of the face

Foramen Ovale

for blood vessels and nerves of the face

Crista Galli

Middle Nasal Conchae

Cribiform Plate

Floor of the cranium•Roof of the nasal cavity •Contains the crista galli

Orbital Plate

Superior Nasal Conchae

Perpendicular Plate

Part of the nasal septum

Median Palatine Suture

Alveolar Process

border the mouth and support upper teeth

Incisive Foramen

Infraorbital Foramen

Inferior Orbital Fissure

For cranial nerves and blood vessels

Lacrimal sulcus

Location of the lacrimal sac•Leads to the nasolacrimal canal (between orbit and nasal cavity)

Condyloid Process

articulates with temporal bone at temporomandibular joint

Coronoid Process

insertion point for temporalis muscle(closes the jaws)

Mental Foramen of mandible

Mandibular Foramen

Entrance to the mandibular canal•For blood vessels and nerves of lower teeth

Ramus of mandible

ascending from the mandibular angle on either side

Mandibular notch

separates condylar and coronoid processes

Angle of Mandible

Genial Tubercle

Hyoid Body

Hyoid Greater Horn

Support larynx•Attach muscles of the tongue

Hyoid Lesser Horn

Attach stylohyoid ligaments •Support hyoid and larynx

auditory ossicles Malleus

orange top

Auditory Ossicles Incus

orange bottom

Auditory ossicles Stapes

below red

Fontanelles

Are areas of fibrous connective tissue (soft spots) •Cover unfused sutures in the infant skull •Allow the skull to flex during birth

Vertebral column

Protects the spinal cord•Supports the head and body•26 bones

Vertebral body

Transfers weight along the spine

vertebral arch

posterior margin of vertebral foramen

Articular processes

Lateral projections between laminae and pedicles

Pedicles

walls of the vertebral arch

Alveoli

Greater Palatine foramen

Inferior nasal conchae

Thoracic and sacral

Present before birth and both curve forward

Cervical and lumbar

Forms as we adapt to weight bearing. both curve backwards

Cervical

Contains 7 vertebra and its the neck area

Thoracic

Where ribs attach, and there are 12

Lumbar

Located under the ribs and above the hips. Contains 5 vertebrae

Sacral

forms the vertebral portion of the pelvis. contains 5 vertebrae fused into 1

Coccyx

The tailbone: 3-5 fused into 1