ALL

Quote that shows northern sentiment on fsa?

‘Created thousands of abolitionists overnight’

Who was Anthony Burns and where did he escape did/what did he do?

A Virginian slave who escaped to Boston and work in a clothing store

When was Anthony Burns suddenly seized?

24th May 1854

Who organised mass rallies in retaliation to capture of Anthony Burns?

The Boston Vigilance Committee

How many more times the market price was the pierce administration offered for Anthony Burns and why did they say no?

3x and wanted to set precedent in Boston

How many bitter yankees came to protest and tolled bells marking the death of liberty following Anthony Burns capture?

30,000

What was sent in by the government and marched Burns to the harbour where the ship waited?

Federal troops

Boston conservative QUOTE on Anthony Burns capture:

‘A change has taken place within 3 weeks such as the 30 preceding years had not produced”

How did Northern press and community’s respond to the FSA? (E.g. Boston vigilance committee)

Became more abolitionist and published pamphlets warning people of captures

What was the ratio in the 1850s of fugitive returned to fugitives released? (Due to no Habeas Corpus or proper trial)

332 to 11

How did southern politicians respond to the FSA?

Demanded strict adherence and wanted a new slave state in Cuba

How many fugitives returned to south between 1850-51?

81

How did some moderate Northern politicians respond to the FSA?

Saw it as a means to save the union, but were dissatisfied with some parts of the FSA

What did 9 Northern states pass and what did they do?

Personal liberty laws which prohibited the use of state facilites in the recapture of fugitives

What did personal liberty laws make the recapture of fugitives?

A completely federal responsibility so Northerners did not have to aid and comply

What did Ralph Waldo Emerson say about the Act?

‘a law which no man can obey’

Who and where shot slave hunter dead while protecting fugitive slaves in 1851?

Quakers in Christian’s Pennsylvania

When …. Was put on trial, an angry mob of ….. gathered in … and mobbed the courthouse

Jerry McHenry, 2000, September 1851

Thousands of black people fled to …

Canada

What did Frederick Douglass urge?

Forcible resistance

What was the Southern press outraged and disgusted at?

Northern resistance and abolitionism

How much were magistrates paid respectively for guilty and not guilty trials?

$10 and $5

How large was the fine and time in prison for a lack of involvement in slave recapture?

$1000 and 6 months

What did Syracuse New York declare itself as?

An open city for escaped slaves

Why did the act highlight the fear of slave power conspiracy?

Slavery was now protected under law

Examples of civil disobedience growing in the North?

Slave capturers being mobbed, Underground Railroad and ordinary citizens radicalised

When were William and Ellen Craft taken to Canada by Bostonians?

October 1850

Why did the FSA increase Northern empathy for black people and slaves?

Involvement in capture brought it down to a human level

How much did Anthony Burns case cost the government?

$50,000

When did William Lloyd garrison burn the FSA and Constitution

4th July

Why didn’t war break out straight after the FSA?

Majority were still racist and visceral violent and encroachment on each other’s soil had not happened yet

What did Lincoln tell Harriet Beecher Stowe?

That UTC had ‘caused the civil war’

James McPherson quote on UTC:

‘It provoked tears in the North and angry rebuttals in the South’

Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?

A Connecticut abolitionist

When was Uncle Tom’s Cabin published?

March 1852

UTC sold … copies in the first year and … a year later in America (only bible out-sold it in the 19th century)

300,000 and 1.2 million

Millions saw the UTC … (P A)

Play adaptation

What did the South do to Uncle Tom’s cabin?

It was banned and if someone was caught with it they would be killed or imprisoned

What did HBS publish to prove that she had got information from real slaves (e.g. Josiah Henson)

Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin

For what did Northern whigs and abolitionists vote for unanimously?

The Wilmot Proviso

What did the Wilmot Proviso suggest?

There should never be slavery in the land acquired from Mexico

Why were a large amount of Northern Democrats pushed to support the Wilmot proviso?

Many felt aggrieved at Southern dominance in the party

How many Northern Democrats supported no anti-slavery amendment to acquisition of Mexican land? (Showing divide on PARTY lines, not GEOGRAPHIC lines)

5

How many Southerners voted against the Wilmot proviso?

All but 2 whigs

What did the ‘Calhoun resolution’ in response to the Wilmot proviso declare? (using the 5th amendment clause)

refusal to give up southern property

Who was David Wilmot?

A first term democratic congressmen from Pennsylvania

When was the Wilmot proviso proposed? (No slavery allowed in territory acquired from Mexico)

August 1846

How did the Northeners respond to the Wilmot proviso?

Suggested the extension of the 36,30

What compromise to the Wilmot Proviso did Lewis cass (michigan democrat) suggest?

Popular Sovereignty

Why was popular sovereignty refused by Congress as a solution to the Wilmot Proviso?

Opposing sectional interpretations and upcoming presidential campaign

Which Whig won the presidential election of 1848?

Zachary Taylor

What did Zachary Taylor encourage California and New Mexico to do?

Immediately admit themselves as free states

What was the Southern response to Zachary Taylor’s encouragement of Cali & NM? (E.g. James Hammond of South Carolina)

Hugely violent rhetoric, “we should kick them out of the Capitol and set it on fire”

How did John C Calhoun respond to Zachary Taylor’s first actions? (4th march speech)

Resparked southern rights movement and reintroduced secession

When did 9 southern states adopt restrained resolution and affirmed to await events?

June 1850

When did Henry Foote pull a revolver on a colleague on the senate floor? (Democrat of Mississippi on democrat of Missouri —\> GEOGRAPHICAL SECTIONALISM)

17th April 1850

Who proposed the compromise of 1850?

Henry Clay

What were the terms of the 1850 compromise? ‘OMNIBUS BILL’

California admitted as a free state, New Mexico and Utah to have popular sovereignty, Abolish slave trade in the District of Columbia, All of Texas to enter Union as slave state and a stricter fugitive slave Act

How was Texas compensated for ceding land to Mexicans in 1850 compromise?

$10 million

Why was Clay’s bill not passed immediately?

Caused huge division as politicians objected small details

How did William Seward (New York) hugely spark emotions on both sides in his speech ‘Freedom in the New Territories’? QUOTE

“Emancipation is inevitable”

What did John C Calhoun comment on the omnibus bill?

Proposed constitutional amendment was necessary and warned the union was in danger

What did the Wilmot Proviso’s passage through parliament show?

Politics was becoming sectionalised with Northerners pulling together one way and southerners the other, irrespective of party

Who was Daniel Webster and what was his key speech? (Example of later compromise)

Senator for Massachusetts, 7th march speech

What was the 7th march speeches’ thrust?

Slavery was a matter of historical reality rather than moral principle and propagated the fugitive slave act

How many pamphlets of Webster’s 7th march speech were printed in Washington?

200,000

What did Daniel Webster propose he spoke as?

An American

How many southerners gathered for emergency talks in Tennessee in June 1850 after March 7th speech?

176 delegates from 9 southern states

What did the Nashville convention in June 1850 settle on demanding?

Extension of the 36,30 line

How did Stephen A Douglas succeed in passing the omnibus bill?

Broke the bill up into separate pieces and persuaded a small group of moderates to swing the yes vote each time

Goodheart quote on 1850 compromise?

‘The Compromise both saved the union and ultimately destroyed it”

Brogan: consequence of compromise on Whig party?

“The compromise of 1850 had wrecked the Whig Party”

What did abolitionists call the 1850 compromise?

The ‘bloodhound’ bill

What did southern states, such as Georgia, warn if the federal government failed to execute the Fugitive slave law or refused to admit another slave state to the union?

To reopen the question of secession

Which Mississippi governor considered secession outright after the 1850 compromise?

John Quitman

What terms were there under the fugitive slave act of 1793 (within constitution)?

Enslavers and catchers can go into free states and search for escapees and $500 fine for anyone who assists escaped slaves

How did Northerners comply with 1793 FSA?

Ignored the ruling continuously

When was the Ostend manifesto sent to the Pierce administration?

October 1854

How did Franklin pierce’s inaugural address in March 1853 unnerve the Northern states?

Encourage the expansion of the South and blames abolitionists for the problems of 1850

How did Pierce’s inaugural address (march 1853) confirm the Fugitive slave act? QUOTE

‘I hold that the laws of 1850 are strictly constitutional and to be unhesitatingly carried into effect’

Who was elected in 1852 and what party was he from? (Veteran of Mexican-American war)

Franklin Pierce, Northern Democrat from New Hampshire

Why was Pierce nominated by the Democrats?

Seen as a compromise candidate

Why was Cuba desirable for the South?

Plantations already existed, located just below florida and would give south dominance over the Gulf of Mexico

Why were the North scared of the Ostend manifesto?

Concerned for expansion of slavery, slave power conspiracy and conflict with European nations would severely impact trade in Northern industry

What was the Ostend Manifesto and attempted acquisition of Cuba a big flashpoint for?

Northern paranoia of slave power conspiracy

How did the Ostend Manifesto immediately impact the harmony achieved by the 1850 compromise?

North unhappy about FSA and expansion

What did many Northerners in the 1850s think that the South aspired to establish?

Latin american slave empire

In what year did a southern filibuster mission fail miserably to overthrow the spanish government in Cuba?

1851

… in … alongside around 7000 volunteers attempted to plan a huge expedition to go to cuba (including Cuban rebels) with the unofficial support of …

John Quitman, 1853-54, Pierce

In 1853, pierce gave James Gadsden what?

The authority to purchase 250,000 sq miles of Mexican territory

How much land did Gadsden eventually agree to purchase from Mexico on 30th December 1853?

30,000 sq miles

Who was James Gadsden in 1853?

US minister to Mexico and railroad entrepreneur

Why were the South very happy with the Gadsden purchase? (New Mexico and Utah had pop. Sov. —\> Slave states and thus senate shift)

It would assist in the building of a southern railway to the pacific

Why did the Gadsden purchase make the North fearful?

Further proof of slave power conspiracy and president now blatantly aiding expansion of south

How many states did Pierce win in the 1852 election compared to Scott (Whig candidate)? Resounding defeat for Whigs

27 to 4

Who died in 1852, exacerbating the Whig parties’ failures?

Daniel Webster and Henry Clay

For the 1852, despite the nomination of General Scott (instead of Millard Fillmore for a second term), what could the party not agree on?

Their platform which said virtually nothing

What were Whig politicians in 1852 divided over?

Views on slavery

Why did southern whigs feel betrayed by actions of recent Whig leaders? E.g. (2)

Taylor tried to usher California and New Mexico in as free states immediately, Seward had spoken of slavery’s inevitable demise

Why was the implosion of the Whig party significant?

Led to the upstart of lots of third parties, political ties across N-S borders eroded and change in parties would spark new ideas and reconstruct senate balance