APUSH Summer Notes

Clovis People

Establish first civilization in America 13,000 years ago- among first to make tools + eat animals

Archaic Period

Beginning in 8000BCE:

• early hunting and gathering

• spear hunting in Great Plains

• New tools: nets, baskets, hooks, traps

• introduce farming

Inca

• Peru

• leader: Pachacuti

• large network of paved roads

• created through persuasion

• largest empire in americas

Meso-American Civlizations

Olmecs→Maya→Aztecs(Mexica)

Maya

• Written Language

• numerical system

• calendar

Aztecs

• Tenochititlan

• Aquaducts

• Public buildings and schools

• Medical system

• human sacrifice

• slave workforce

Arctic Circle/Pacific Northwest

• hunted seals, moose, caribou, salmon

• frozen land, fishing, dogsleds

Southwest US

• agricultural

• large irrigation sytems

• pueblos

• towns, religious centers

Eastern US

• “Woodland Indians”

• greatest food resources

Southern US

• rich lands of Mississippi River Valley

• major trade city: Cahokia

Northeastern US

• less fertile

• exploit land and move → Slash and burn

Far West US

• wealthy

• densely populated

• fishing, hunting, gathering

Muskogean language

Chicasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, Seminoles

Iroquoian language

Seneca, Cayuga, Mohawk

Native Agricultural Revolution

• before European arrival

• tribes become more sedentary

• population growth

• gender roles

European pushes for new land

• increased prosperity leading to demand for new products and markets fro distant lands

• rise of ambitious, strong centralized city states ready to expand,

Christopher Columbus

• Shot down by Portugal, commissioned by Spain

• Gained 90 men and three ships (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria)

• Discovered South America

• Result: Spain devoted greater resources to maritime exploration

Ferdinand Magellan

first circumnavigation of the globe

Hernando Cortez

leads expedition in Mexico

brutal conquistador

Hernando de Soto

first European to cross Mississippi River

Presidos

Spanish military bases

Don Juan de Onate

governed Sante Fe and New Mexico

Europeans introduce

influenza, measles, chickenpox, sugar, bananas, cattle, pigs, sheep, horses

new world foods

corn, squash, pumpkin, beans, potatoes, tomatoes

mestizos

mixed race

Bartolomeu Dias

rounded southern tip of Africa, Cape of Good Hope