General Psychology Chapter 6

Consciousness involves all of the following except:

Awareness of external events

Awareness of internal sensations

Awareness of one's own thoughts

The BEST definition for "States of Consciousness" is

What you are currently aware of

Metacognition refers to:

Thinking about thinking

Stream of consciousness involves all of the following expect:

Small thoughts can become big issues

Which of the following statements is true?

It is not clear where consciousness exists

Consciousness has two parts called:

Awareness & arousal

Consciousness can be assessed at different:

levels

The highest levels of consciousness involves:

Controlled processes

To what does controlled processes refer?

High level of awareness

Doing a math problem is related to:

Higher-level consciousness

An expert typing on a keyboard is related to:

Lower-level consciousness

Feeling like time is moving slowly when you are drunk.

Altered state of consciousness

Sleeping and dreaming are related to:

Subconscious

Being anesthetized is related to:

No awareness

Which of the following events requires controlled processing during which a person has to focus their attention on a task?

Doing a math problem

Which of the following events requires a minimum level of attention to perform the task?

Punching a number on a cell phone

Which of the following events relates to your physical experiences after drinking too much coffee?

Altered state of consciousness

Which of the following events can occur when someone is sleeping?

Subconscious awareness

Which of the following events comes from the idea that you have thoughts in your head but that you are not aware of their existence?

Unconscious thoughts

The concept of Theory of Mind refers to:

The capacity to predict others thoughts

What is the false-belief task? It is a test to determine whether

A child understands that the characters in a story may not know what they know

Which of the following disorders is closely associated with diagnosed patients failing the false-belief task?

Autism

About how much of your life spent sleeping?

33%

Periodic physiological fluctuations in the body are called:

Biological rhythms

Periodic physiological fluctuations that occur over a 24-hour period are called:

Circadian rhythms

Which of the following is NOT a typical biological rhythm period?

12-hours

Which of the following brain structures is linked to the amount of light and dark to which the retina is exposed?

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Compared to sighted people, the blind are more likely to have sleeping disorders due to their insensitivity to light upon their retina.

true

Which of the following is NOT one of the common ways in which the biological clock can be desynchronized?

Eating too much before going to bed

What is the more general way to understand jet lag?

A desynchronized biological clock

Which of the following ways will help you reset your biological clock during a bout with jet lag?

Stay outside in the sunshine as much as possible, especially in the morning time

The amount of sleep a species requires is positively correlated with how intelligent that creature is compared to other species.

FALSE

Which of the following reasons is most likely related to why we sleep?

Our bodies need a restoration period to recover from use

Which of the following is NOT helped by sleep?

The integration of old behavioral patterns

Sleep helps establish the consolidation, storage and maintenance of long-term memories.

TRUE

Which animal sleeps the most?

bat

Randy Gardner, a 17-year old high school student, set the record for staying awake. About how long was he awake?

264 hours

During which period of the daily cycle is it hardest for most people to stay awake?

3 a.m. to 6 a.m.

There are some, albeit not many, positive cognitive effects of sleep deprivation

FALSE

Which one of the following is NOT a typical reason for sleeping too little?

Recreation activities

Physiological changes in adolescence can influence the amount of needed sleep.

true

Physiological changes in adulthood can influence the amount of needed sleep.

true

Which of the following brain wave patterns are associated with sleep?

delta

The presence of "sleep spindles" is associated with which sleep stage?

stage 2

It is more difficult to wake a person in sleep stage ____.

3

During which sleep stage do you dream?

REM

REM sleep is sometimes called:

Stage 5 sleep

You can dream during which of the following sleep stages:

REM

The quality or content of dreams is different between REM dreaming and non-REM dreaming.

true

For which of the following phrases is REM an acronym?

Rapid eye movement

The brain wave patterns seen during REM sleep are similar to:

Brain waves during wakefulness

From stage 1 sleep to stage 4 sleep, brain waves:

Develop slower cycles and higher amplitudes

During which period of life will you dream the most?

Infancy

About how many hours per day do infants dream?

8

What is one of the primary reasons for dreaming less over the course of your life?

You have fewer novel experiences

Which of the following will induce a higher-than-average amount of dreaming during a single night?

You go to Disneyland for the first time in your life and you take the first rollercoaster ride you ever experience

Which of the following is NOT related to the value of sleep?

The management of emotional responding

A full cycle of sleep stages (stages 2 through REM) takes approximately:

90 minutes

Which of the following do you lose during the second half of your night of sleep?

Stages 3 & 4 sleep

As you lose deep sleep stages throughout the night they are replaced by ____ in each sleep cycle.

REM sleep

Sleep is primarily regulated by which of the following brain areas?

Reticular formation

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT primarily related to sleep?

Dopamine

When are you most likely to wake up?

After a REM period

There is a positive correlation between sleep disorders and a variety of illnesses and diseases

TRUE

This sleep disorder is characterized by the person having an inability to fall asleep, problems staying asleep or problems waking up too early.

Insomnia

Insomnia is a disorder which can be treated in a safe and effective manner.

true

Somnambulists are acting out their dreams?

false

Sleepwalking occurs during stage(s) ___ of sleep.

3 and 4

It is safe to wake a sleepwalker.

TRUE

The things stated by sleep talkers are accurate information

FALSE

The sleep disorder which causes a person to fall asleep in an unexpected and controlled manner is called

Narcolepsy

Dreams have been recorded and analyzed since about:

2000 BCE in Mesopotamia

This theory suggests that dreaming can be understood by the same cognitive concepts that are used when studying people that are awake.

Cognitive theory of dreaming

This theory suggests that dreaming occurs because the cerebral cortex is trying to make sense of the random messages it receives from the lower parts of the brain.

Activation-synthesis theory

The type of brain activity you have while awake.

alpha waves

The story line of a dream is called the:

manifest content

Circadian rhythms follow which cycle length?

24 hours

Which of the following is a correct representation of sleep cycle stages?

1,2,3,4,3,2,REM

In which sleep period does dreaming occur?

REM

REM sleep seems to positively influence:

memory

Which of the following is NOT associated with dreaming?

Sleep walking

Which of the following will NOT occur if you are sleep deprived?

increases in semantic memory recognition

Which of the following sleep disorders occur during stage 4 sleep?

night terrors

On average, a newborn infant will dream ___ hours per day.

8

Hypnosis is a combination of:

social influence and splits in consciousness

Hypnotized subjects will behave in a manner similar to people who were only asked to pretend to be hypnotized.

true

The process is generally referred to as an altered state of consciousness during which the subject is especially susceptible to suggestions.

Hypnosis

Which of the following behaviors will a typical hypnotized subject do if you tell her to do it?

None of the above

Which of the following is NOT part of the four successful steps of hypnosis?

The hypnotist's control over the subject's psyche

Which of the following has hypnosis been applied to successfully?

All of the above

Currently, the use of illegal substances is:

About the same for the past ten years

Psychoactive substances are defined by:

Substances that influence psychological properties

The need to take more of the drug to produce the same high.

Tolerance

The affect of a changed nervous system which is evident when the drug is absent from the nervous system.

Physical dependence

Either a physical or psychological dependence on a drug.

Addiction

A strong feeling that you need to take a drug is called:

Psychological dependence

Psychoactive substances that slow down psychological and behavioral activity are called:

Depressants

Psychoactive substances that increase central nervous system activity are called:

Stimulants

Substances that make you see things that are not there.

Hallucinogenics

Substances which are frequently used to reduce pain but also influence your thinking processes.

Opiates