Hum01_CO1: History of Philippine Lit

* Folklore
* Proverbs & Maxims
* Myths & Legend
* Riddles
* Fables
* Songs

Oral Literary Forms DURING the Pre-Colonial Period

Juan Tamad

Legend *Example*

Si Maganda at Malakas

Myth *Example*

Pinilit na mabili, saka ipinambigti (Tie)

Bugtong/Riddle *Example*

Ang batang magalang, karangalan ng magulang

Proverb and/or Maxim/Salawikain *Example*

Alibata

1st Alphabet

Batanes

The __place Filipinos are believed to have originated from__ and *then* migrated to the other parts of the country

Geography

Due to the ___________ of the country, different regions had oral stories expressed differently but with similar themes

Characteristics of Oral Literature

* Common experiences of the community as subject matter
* Communal authorship
* Formulaic Repetitions
* Regular rhythmic and musical devices

Common experiences of the community as subject matter

* Usage of common **community experiences** **as subject** of stories

Communical authorship

* **Unknown original author**
* Made by the whole community
* Different versions of the same story circulate the country
* Stories are passed down from generations

Formulaic repetitions

* Similar storylines and characters
* Presence of similar or the **same archetypes** in the majority of the stories

Regular rhythmic and musical devices

* Usage of **musical** instruments

Literary Forms DURING the **Pre-colonial Period**

* Folk Narratives
* Folk Speeches
* Folk Songs

Folk Narratives

* **Reflects** a particular **culture**
* **Passed by word of mouth** through generations

* Myths
* Legends
* Epics
* Folktales

Folk Narrative Types

Myths

* Extraordinary events
* Unspecified time
* Exists outside of ordinary human experiences
* **MC:** Gods, demigods, supernatural humans

Legends

* Creation and tribal beginnings
* **MC**: Humans interacting with celestial beings
* Resembles folktales
* Associated with a particular locality or person
* May be based on historical people or events

Epics

* Longest folk narratives in the Philipines
* Lengthy narrative poems
* Revolves around supernatural events or heroic deeds

Life of Lam-ang

Biag ni Lam-ang Translation

Biag ni Lam-ang

1st Philippine Epic recorded in written form

Pedro Bukaneg

* Father of Ilocano literature


* Believed to have written partrs of the Ilocano Epic (B)
* Blind since birth

Nalbuan

Where does Biag ni Lam-ang take place?

Bakunawa

* The moon eater
* Believed to be the cause of eclipses, earthquakes, rains, and wind

Folktales

* Kwentong bayan
* **Conditional oral narratives**
* Shares values and moral lessons
* Originated from popular culture (at the time)
* From one common folk
* Tied to our national identity
* Traditional fictional stories
* Passed from different narrators
* Very simple characters

* Proverbs or Sayings and/or Maxims
* Riddles/Bugtong

Folk Speeches Types

Proverb

* States a general truth or advice
* Wise saying used for a long time by many people

Maxim

* Short rule of conduct
* Similar to _______ but with variations in grammar, phonetics, and word usage

Matuto kang bumuluktod - Settle with what you have

Proverb/Saying *Example*

Riddles

* Bugtong
* A question → Amusing answer
* Hard to explain
* Typically presented as a game

Squash

Mother walking while the child is sitting.

Coconut Grater

Horse of Adam does not eat.

Ant

No matter how small compadre is, he can climb coconut trees

Folk Songs

* Very simple narrative and wording
* Gives short history of a people
* Passes important info through generations
* Explains the lives and experiences of people past

* God
* Gold
* Glory

Why did the Spaniards colonize the Philippines?

God

* Spreading Christianity

Gold

* More riches

Spice

* Really expensive commodity back then
* Found the Philippines by accident while looking for the “_____ Islands“ (Indonesia)

Glory

Spreading their Influence and Territory

1st Spanish Expedition to the Philippines (Date)

March 16, 1521

1st Spanish Expedition to the Philippines (Led by?)

**First:** Ferdinand Magellan

**Later:** Juan Sebastion Elcano

March 31, 1521

First Mass Date

April 15, 1521

* Baptism of 800 “natives“ with Rajah Humabon and his wife
* Given a Santo Nino

1565

Establishment of the Philippines as a Spanish Colony

1564

* 5th Spanish Expedition to the Philippines

Who led the Spanish expedition that successfully colonized the Philippines?

Miguel Lopez De Legazpi

* Religion
* Spanish Language
* Manana Habit XD
* Forms of Gamling or Entertainment
* Food

*Some* Spanish Influences

* Sabong or Rooster/Cock Fighting
* Zarzuela (Theater)

Forms of Gambling or Entertainment inherited from Spain

Spanish Literature

* 1565
* Dominated by religious and secular themes
* Spanish missionaries taught the gospel using the native language
* They spread the church doctrine to the “natives“ → “Indio”

* Spanish literature
* Spanish missionaries taught the gospel using the “native“ language

How did the Spaniards motivate the Filipinos to study the Spanish language?

oral

* Religion was mainly ____ at the time, Spain undermined the ____ traditions by introducing Christianity

1893

Doctrina Christiania (Publishing Date)

Juan De Plasencia

Doctrina Christiania (Author (*ALLEDGEDLY*))

* First book printed in the Philippines (using Xylography)
* Includes “Ama Namin“ and other Christian psalms, songs, etc
* Writers mainly relied on their memories

Doctrina Christiania (Description)

Gaspar De Aquino De Belen

Mahal na Pasyon ni Hesus Christo (Description)

1702

Mahal na Pasyon ni Hesus Christo (Published Date)

* Passion, Life & Death of Chist
* Has many versions
* __ _____’s version is regarded as the most popular
* 3-7 of the versions were written by Bulakenyos

Mahal na Pasyon ni Hesus Christo (Description)

Ladinos

* Translated Spanish missionary messages into our language
* Filipinos that learned how to speak and write in Spanish

* Pasyon
* Awit
* Corrido
* Duplo & Karagatan
* Cenaculo
* Essays and Prose
* Oral Literature

Literary Forms DURING the **Spanish Colonial Period**

Pasyon

* Life and Ressurection of Jesus Christ
* Reading of Mahal na Pasyon
* Done by Catholics during Holy Week or Semana Santa

Awit

* **Syllables**: 12
* **Subject**: Legends and Fantasy
* **Speed**: Slower
* **Basis:** European Stories
* Sang where there is a procession

Corrido

* **Syllables**: 8
* **Subject**: More Realistic
* **Speed**: Faster
* **Basis:** European History

Duplo

* Debate held by **trained people**
* More formal and better organized

Karagatan

* Debate held by **amateurs**
* Based on a maiden’s ring that fell into the ocean

Duplo & Karagatan

* Poetical **debate held by people** on the last night of mourning for the dead
* Has 1 facilitator
* Started as a game done during mourning
* Early form of drama

Balyakos

* Facilitator/Head of Duplo or Karagatan

* Duplo/Karagatan → Balagtasan → Flip top

D&K Transform

Cenaculo

* Performances seen every Holy Week
* Roleplay or dramatization of Jesus Christ’s Life and Suffering
* Like Zarzuela

Moriones Festival

* Moro-moro
* Created by Spanish Priests
* Whipping their backs, carrying wooden crosses, and even sometimes crucifixion
* Re-enactment of Saint L_______’s story

Longinus

* A roman centurion who was blind in one eye
* Regained sight after Jesus’s blood splattered on his eye after poking the other man with a freaking spear (to see if he was alive 👀)

Essays & Prose

* Usually secular
* Many things were written to spread Christianity and to explore the Filipinos’ daily life

Oral Literature

Flourished during the Spanish Colonization? (Not sure, pero sabi ni ma’am 🤷‍♀️)

Illustrado

* Educated or rich Filipinos

Indio

* Pure Filipinos

Peninsulares

* Spaniards born in Spain, living in Spanish colonies (in this case, Phili)

Insulares

* Spaniards born in the Philippines

Narciso Claveria

* The GG that made everyone have very long names

Claveria Decree

* Introduction of Surnames basically

* War & Independence

Spanish Revolutionary Period (Themes)

* Andres Bonifacio
* Apolinario Mabini
* Emilio Jacinto

Spanish Revolutionary Period (3 Writers Mentioned)

Agapito Bagumbayan

Andres Bonifacio (Penname)

Katabay

Apolinario Mabini (Penname)

Dimas-Ilaw

Emilio Jacinto (Penname)

The Father of the Philippine Revolution

Andres Bonifacio (Title)

The Sublime Paralytic (Dakilang Lumpo) or The Brains of the Revolution

Apolinario Mabini (Title)

The Bridge or Brain of the Katipunan

Emilio Jacinto (Title)

Andres bonifacio (Description)

* Inspired by Jose Rizal’s writing
* Joined La Liga Filipina
* Established the Katipunan while Rizal was banished in Dapitan

Apolinario Mabini (Description)

* Emilio Aguinaldo’s Advisor
* Finished as a lawyer
* Wrote books about society, government, & laws
* Active member of Pahayag

Emilio Jacinto

* Andres Bonifacio’s advisor
* Secretary of the Katipunan
* Editor of the Kalayaan
* After Bonifacio’s death, he fights independently of Aguinaldo
* Later became the general of the revolution

Kalayaan

* Official newspaper of the KKK

Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katupunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

KKK full name

* Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog
* Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan
* Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
* Huling Paalam

Andres Bonifacio Notable Works

* Sa Bayang Pilipino
* El Verdadero Decalogo
* El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina

Apolinario Mabini Notable Works

* A Mi Madre
* A La Patria
* Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan
* Liwanag at Dilim

Emilio Jacinto Notable Works

Jose de la Cruz or "Husend Batute"

Ibong Adarna (Author (ALLEGEDLY))

- 1941

Ibong Adarna (Publishing Date)

- 8 syllables
- Corrido

Ibong Adarna (Description)

Francisco Balagtas

Florante at Laura (Author (ALLEGEDLY))

- 1838

Florante at Laura (Publishing Date)

- 12 syllables
- Awit

Florante at Laura (Description)