health assessment final

facilitation

encouraging client to say more

silence

wait for patient to say more

reflection

echo clients words

empahy

support patient, allow to feel supported

clarification

if patients words are confusing

what are the communication techniques from the patients persspective

facilitation, silence, reflection, empathy, and clarification

confrontation

clarify inconsistent information

interpretation

make associations

explanation

sharing information

summary

condenses facts that were discussed, ending of interview

theraputic communication techniques from the examiners perspective

confrontation, interpretation, explanation, summary

what are the normal ranges for oral temp

96\.4 F- 99.1 F

or

35\.8 C- 37.3 C

rectal temp is what

1 F (.5 C) higher than oral temp

tachycardia

caused by exercise, fever/infection, anxiety

bradycardia

caused by medications, heart problems, common in athletes

sinus arrhythmia

varied rate, common in children and young adults, speeds up on inspiration, slows down on expiration

what is blood pressure

force of blood pushing against vessel wall

systolic pressure

maximum pressure felt during left ventricular contraction

diastolic pressure

resting, constant pressure exerted between contractions

pulse pressure

difference between systolic and diastolic

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

pressure forcing blood into the tissues

nociceptive pain

pain that develops when intact and functioning nerves are stimulated

neuropathic pain

aytipical and implies an abnormal process

what are the steps of PQRSTU

provocation, quality, radiation/region, severity, timing, U

non verbal cues of acute pain

guarding, grimacing, moaning, agitation, restlessness/stillness, change in vital signs

non verbal cues of chronic pain

bracing, rubbing, diminished activity, change in appettite, inactivity, exercise

describe resonant percussion

clear, hollow

where would you hear resonant percussion

over normal lung tissue

describe hyperressonant percussion

booming

where would you hear hyperresonant percussion

over lungs with increased amount of air as in emphysema

describe tympany percussion

musicle and drumlike

where would you hear tympany percussion

over air filled vesicles( the stomach, the intestine)

describe dull percussion

muffled thud

where would you hear dull percussion

relatively dense organ as liver or spleen

describe flat percussion

dead stop of sound, absolute dullness

where would you hear flat percussion

when no air is present, over thigh muscle or bone or over tumor

characteristics of a tension headache

location- usually both sides, everywhere

duration- gradual onset, lasts 30 minutes to days

severity/timing- mid to moderate, situational

agravating factors- stress, anxiety, depression, poor posture

symptoms- fatigue, anxiety, stress

relieving factors- rest

characteristics of migrane

location- commonly one sided

duration- rapid onset, peaks at 1-2 hours, lasts 4-72 hours

character- throbbing, pulsating

severity/timing- moderate to severe, 2 per month

agravating factors- hormones, food, hunger, sleep deprivation, sensory stimuli, activity, changes in weather, family history

symptoms- aura, prodrome, nausea, vomiting, looks sick

relieving factors- lie down, dark room, sleep

characteristics of a cluster headache

location- behind or around eye, temple, forehead or cheek

durationabrupt onset, peaks. in minutes, last 45-90 minutes

character- continuous, burning, piercing

severity/timing- severe, stabbing, 1-2 per day for 1-2 months

agravating factors-alcohol, stress, daytime napping, wind or heat exposure

symptoms- agitation, nasal congestion or runny nose, watery or reddened eye

relieving factors- need to move, pace floor

presbyopia

decrease in ability to accomodate for near vision caused by loss of lense elasticity

common in older adults

bells palsy

hyperthyroidism- graves disease

bulging eyes

hypothyroidism- Myxedema

sunken eyes

Acromegaly

gigantisism

cachectic

waisting away appearance cause by extreme weight loss

Parkinsons

masklike appearance

cushings

moonlike appearance

strabismus

crossed eyes

diplopia

double vision

what does PERRLA stand for

Pupils Equal Round React to Light and Accommodation

arcus senilis

lipid deposits that appear as rings on the outer region of the cornea

common in older adults

xanthelsama

a harmless, yellow growth that appears on or by the corners of your eyelids next to your nose.

common in older adults

eso-strabismus

eyes crossed inwards

exo-strabismus

eyes crossed outwards

periorbital edema

swollen eyelid(s)

Ptosis

drooping of upper eyelid

exopthalmos

bulging eyes

enopthalamous

sunken eyes

hordeolum

stye

mydriasis

dialated pupil

miosis

constricted pupil

epistaxis

nosebleeds

moderate amount of alcohol

heavy drinking

>15 drinks a week for men and >8 drinks a week for women

binge drinking

>5 drinks per occasion for men and >4 drinks per occassion for women

cerebral cortex

center for humans highest functions, governing thought, memory, reasoning, sensation, and voluntaru movement

frontal lobe

personality, behavior, emotions, speaking/expressive language and problem solving

parietal lobe

interprets touch, identifies size, shapes and colors, provides spacial perception

temporal lobe

hearing and memory

thalamus/hypothalamus

body temp, appetite, and sleep

cerebellum

balance, coordination, and motor skills

brain stem

breathing, heart rate, and vasomotor controls

spinal cord

reflexes of posture control, urination and pain response

vertigo

rotational spinning caused by neurological disease in the vestibular apparatus in the ears

syncope

sudden loss of strength, temporary loss of consciousness(a faint) caused by lack of cerebral blood flow

paresis

partial/incomplete paralysis

paresthesia

abnormal sensation(burning or tingling)

paralysis

total loss of motor function caused by a lesion in the neurologic or muscular system

dysarthria

difficulty forming words

dysphasia

difficulty with language comprehension or expression

mental status

emotional (knowing) and cognitive(knowing) function

organic neuro disorders

delirium, dementia, intoxication

psychiatric neuro disorders

anxiety, schizophrenia

alert

awake or readily aroused

lethargic

not fully alert, drifts off to sleep when not stimulated

obtunded

sleeps most of the time, difficult to arouse

stupor

semi-coma, spontaneously unconscious

coma

completely unconscious

CN 1

olfatory

what does CN 1 do

smell

CN 2

optic

what does CN2 do

vision

CN 3

oculomotor

what does CN3 do

extra ocular, open eyes

CN 4

trochlear

what does CN 4 do

downward eye movement

CN 5

trigeminal

what does CN 5 do

mastication, facial sensation

CN 6

abduscens

what does CN6 do

lateral eye