CS3750 Finals Question Bank

utilitarian

"Inventing Right and Wrong" would reflect this theory of ethics

deontological

"Discovering Right and Wrong" would reflect this theory of ethics

positive right

claim right

negative right

liberty

FISA

the Act which establishes oversight rules for the NSA

FTC

the federal commission that regulates trade

FCC

he federal commission that regulates communications

computer matching

combining and comparing information from different databases using a single identifier

targeted marketing

advertising based on demographics, purchasing history, or other specific aspects of people

COPPA

a law passed to protect children's privacy online

data mining

combing through large amounts of data for patterns and information

computer profiling

analyzing data to determine characteristics of people most likely to engage in a certain behavior

RFID

tags that use radio frequencies to communicate with devices

CALEA

the law that requires communications companies to design equipment so that it is capable of being tapped

GPS

uses satellite signals and triangulation to determine location

encryption

a technology that transforms data into a form that is meaningless to anyone who might intercept it

ECPA

a law which prohibits interception of email and reading of (some) stored email without a court order

CDA

the first federal legislative attempt in the United States to censor Internet content (ruled unconstitutional)

CAN-SPAM Act

a law which requires commercial mass e-mail messages to contain opt-out provisions and accurate subject lines

spam

unsolicited mass email

CIPA

a law which requires schools and libraries to install filtering software if they wish to receive federal funds (ruled constitutional)

COPA

a law which made it illegal for commercial Web sites to make available to minors material "harmful to minors" as judged by community standards (ruled unconstitutional)

net neutrality

would prevent telecommunications companies from giving preferential treatment to specific content providers or types of content

"look and feel"

refers to the way a software program appears to the end-user as opposed to the computer code in which the program is written

DMCA

a law which prohibits making, distributing, or using tools (devices, software, or services) to circumvent technological copyright protection systems

open source software

programs in which the code is available to programmers

DRM

a collection of technologies (hardware and software) that control use of intellectual property in digital formats

reverse engineering

studying an existing program in order to determine how it was created

denial-of-service (DOS)

an attack in which hackers overload a target site with requests for information.

hactivism

hacking to promote a political cause

honey pots

Web sites that are specifically designed to be attractive to hackers

phishing

sending millions of emails fishing for information to use to impersonate someone and steal money or goods

pharming

planting false Internet addresses in the tables on a Domain Name Server (DNS) so that when someone types a URL, they are re-directed to a bogus site

biometrics

biological characteristics that are unique to an individual

libel

written defamation

slander

verbal defamation

CFAA

a law which covers unauthorized access to computers over which the federal government has jurisdiction, such as government computers, financial systems, medical systems, and activities that involve computers in more than one state

telecommuting

working for an employer at a computer-equipped space in the employee's home

offshoring

moving part of a business's operation to another country

digital divide

refers to the fact that some people have access to computers and information technology while others do not

technological singularity

point at which artificial intelligence advances so far that we cannot comprehend what lies on the other side

Therac-25

a computerized machine that gave lethal radiation overdoses to some cancer patients

HROs

operate in difficult environments where failures can have extreme consequences

TCAS

detects a potential in-air collision of two planes and directs the pilots to avoid each other

stakeholders

individuals and organizations who would be affected in some way by an ethical dilemma

ACM

professional organization for the computing industry

Which of the following is an example of a negative right or liberty? (a) freedom of speech, as provided in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (b) freedom of religion, as provided in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (c) the right to use your labor, skills or mind to create goods and services(d) all of the above

d

Claim rights or positive rights (a) are rights to act without interference (b) are guaranteed in the First Amendment (c) impose an obligation on some people to provide certain things for others(d) all of the above

c

When a person visits a Web site, his or her IP address and the links he or she clicked on are automatically recorded. This is an example of (a) secondary use (b) invisible information gathering (c) data spillage (d) data mining

b

The Privacy Act of 1974 established rules to regulate(a) private sector databases only (b) all databases that contain personal information (c) all personal information, including surveillance data (d) Federal government databases only

d

A cookie is (a) a feature of a Web site designed to attract children (b) an illegal use of information about a customer(c) a file that a Web site stores on a visitor's computer (d) a small reward that can be redeemed on a Web site

c

If a business follows an "opt-in" policy for handling personal data, information about a customer (a) may not be released under any conditions (b) may not be released unless the customer gives permission (c) may be released unless the customer requests that the information be kept private (d) may be released for any legitimate business purpose

b

The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) said that (a) international electronic communications must be filtered through a single hub. (b) agents of a foreign power may be wiretapped with authorization from a secret court (c) telecommunications equipment must be designed to allow the interception of telephone calls (with a court order) (d) email should have the same degree of legal protection as telephone calls

c

The legal guidelines for determining whether material is obscene include all of the following EXCEPT (a) the material depicts particular sexual (or excretory) acts specified by state law (b) the material is patently offensive according to contemporary community standards (c) the material has no serious artistic, literary, social, political, or scientific value (d) the material is intended for or distributed to persons under the age of 18

d

Which of the following requirements was a key provision of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)? (a) proof of age must be provided to access Web sites containing pornography (b) children must not be allowed to access "hate material" online (c) filtering software must be installed on Internet terminals in schools and libraries (d) commercial Web sites must require parental consent for access by children

c

Anonymizers allow a user to (a) obtain a new identity (b) send email and surf the Web anonymously (c) secretly spy on people visiting your Web site (d) randomly create a handle or avatar

b

Which of the following are the two main arguments against the Communications Decency Act accepted by the courts? (a) it was not enforceable, and it did not use the least restrictive means of accomplishing the goal of protecting children (b) it was too vague and broad, and it did not use the least restrictive means of accomplishing the goal of protecting children(c) it was too vague and broad, and it did not use community standards to determine what would be harmful to minors (d) it was not enforceable, and it did not use community standards to determine what would be harmful to minors

b

Many countries have tried to censor the Internet. Which country issued the following edict in 2001: The office of communications is ordered to find ways to ensure that the use of the Internet becomes impossible. (a) Iraq (b) South Africa (c) Afghanistan (d) Brazil

c

Which of the following limits deceptive commercial email and outlines spammers' responsibilities: (a) the Spam Reduction Act (b) the Electronic Communications Act (c) the Commercial Communications Act (d) the CAN-SPAM Act

d

Which of the following is NOT a provision of the CAN-SPAM Act that applies to commercial emailers? (a) It bans false or misleading header information. (b) It requires that unsolicited email give recipients an opt-out method. (c) It requires that commercial email be identified as an advertisement and include the sender's valid physical postal address. (d) It requires commercial emailers register with the Federal Trade Commission.

d

Which of the following is not an exclusive right (subject to some exceptions) granted by copyright law? (a) Copy the work (b) Distribute the work (c) Profit from the work (d) Create "derivative works"

c

Which of the following is not a factor specified in U.S. copyright law for determining fair use? (a) The purpose and nature of the use (b) The amount and significance of the portion used(c) The effect on the market for the copyrighted work (d) The for-profit or non-profit status of the copyright holder

d

In the term "Free Software," "free" implies all of the following except one. Which one? (a) Free of cost (b) Free to copy (c) Freedom (d) Free to modify

a

One of the reasons the court ruled against Napster was: (a) It knowingly encouraged and assisted in the infringement of copyrights (b) It knowingly stored illegal copies of files on its server (c) It knowingly used technology protected by patent (d) All of the above

a

When was the first U.S. copyright law passed? (a) In 1790 (b) In 1970 (c) In 1908 (d) In 1880

a

Which of the following is an example of biometrics:(a) DNA (b) Fingerprints (c) Voice prints (d) All of the above

d

In the early days of computing (1960's to the early 1970's), a "hacker" was: (a) An incompetent programmer who wrote programs that did not work properly (b) A busy programmer who reused code to save time (c) A creative programmer who wrote very elegant or clever programs (d) A new programmer who wrote simple programs

c

Hacktivism is: (a) A political activist group promoting tougher anti-hacking laws (b) The counter-hacking techniques used by the FBI and other law enforcement agencies (c) The use of hacking to promote a political cause(d) A newsletter for hackers

c

Web sites that look attractive to hackers, but are closely monitored so that everything the hacker does at the site is recorded and studied are known as: (a) Honey pots (b) Digital surveillance (c) Computer entrapment (d) Hacker crackdown

a

Which of the following is NOT a program used by hackers to gain access to your computer: (a) Keyloggers (b) Trojans (c) Rootkits (d) Honey pots

d

In 2000, a French court ordered Yahoo! to block access by French people to (a) Web sites containing pornography (b) an Al Qaeda training manual (c) online auction sites containing Nazi materials (d) a Web site containing instructions for making bombs

c

Which of the following reasons for monitoring email, voice mail, and computer files is considered legal? (a) Protect security of proprietary information and data (b) Investigate complaints of harassment (c) Prevent personal use of employer facilities if prohibited by company policy (d) All of the above

d

The practice of hiring companies or employees in other countries is known as: (a) Offshoring (b) Globalization (c) Downsizing (d) None of the above

a

Which of the following is NOT a Neo-Luddite criticism of computers? (a) Use of computers in schools thwarts development of social skills (b) Computers separate humans from nature and destroy the environment (c) Computers cause social inequity (d) None of the above

d

Ken Olson, president of Digital Equipment Corp. in the late 1970's, Thomas J. Watson, chairman of IBM in the early 1940's, and Thomas Edison all made predictions about technology that were extremely wrong. Which of the following explains why the predictions of experts are often so far off? (a) Lack of imagination about the uses people would find for technology (b) Lack of imagination about what the public would like (c) Lack of imagination about what the public would pay for (d) All of the above

d

Most of the delay in the opening of the Denver International Airport was because of problems with(a) the air traffic control system(b) the environmental monitoring systems (c) the baggage handling system (d) the telephone and communications systems

c

One of the sources of failure common to BOTH the Therac-25 and the Ariane 5 rocket was (a) confusing and poorly-documented error messages (b) poor human-computer interface design (c) operator error (d) reuse of software from previous versions of the systems

d

Which of the following occupations can sometimes cause Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI)? (a) Sign-language interpreter for the deaf (b) Musician (c) Computer programmer (d) All of the above

d

In one application of a voice-recognition system, the system failed to recognize female speakers. A likely reason was (a) The program was specifically designed for men(b) Women's voices are inherently harder to recognize (c) Women do not speak as loudly as men, and the system used inferior microphones (d) The program was primarily developed and tested by men

d

Which of the following is NOT a principle for producing good systems? (a) Understand what success means(b) Include users in the design and testing stages (c) Be open and honest about capabilities, safety, and limitations of software (d) Overestimate the costs and time a project will take

d

More people worldwide have access to a cellphone than to a toilet.

True

Wikipedia relies upon an advertising-based business model.

False

A Turing Test determines the strength of an encryption method.

False

Accelerometers help robots stay upright.

True

Researchers are developing brain-computer interfaces to enable severely handicapped people to control appliances with their thoughts.

True

In Olmsted v. United States (1928), the U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the Fourth Amendment to apply only to physical intrusion.

True

In Katz v. United States (1967), the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the government needs a court order to intrude where a reasonable person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

True

The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets (1968) explicitly allowed wiretapping and electronic surveillance by law enforcement agencies with a warrant.

True

The USA PATRIOT Act (2001) gives individuals more protection from governmental intrusion.

False

In Kyllo v. United States (2001), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that when the government uses a device that's not in use by the general public to "see" things it could not without intrusion, that is a "search" and requires a warrant.

True

U.S. v. Jones (2012) was the first major case of digital technology surveillance and involved police attaching a GPS tracking device to a person's vehicle without a search warrant.

True

Broadcast media traditionally has had the strongest First Amendment protection (meaning the fewest regulatory restrictions) while print media has the weakest First Amendment protection.

False

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that requiring content filters on public library computers was unconstitutional.

False

Miller v. California (1973) ruled that community standards could not play a role in whether or not material was deemed obscene.

False

Sony v. Universal City Studios (1983) ruled that private, non-commercial copying for personal use was fair use.

True

Sega v. Accolade, Inc. (1992) helped determine that reverse engineering was allowable (fair research use) in order to make a compatible product.

True

All peer-to-peer technologies were found to be illegal as a result of the Napster case.

False

Copyright law protects processes and inventions, while patent law protects the particular expression of an idea.

False

The government cannot monitor online activity of suspected hackers without a court order.

False

Computer forensics specialists cannot recover deleted files from an erased disk.

False