audiology final (quiz questions)

what is the frequency of a sine wave with a period of 11 milliseconds? Round to the nearest whole number.

91

forms the inferior and anterior walls of the ear canal

tympanic

thin and fan-like, anterior and superior to the ear canal

squamous

pyramid shaped, contains the sensory organs of hearing and balance, only visible from the medial view

petrous

posterior to the ear canal, contains air cells

mastoid

a normal-hearing man is asked to localize a 500 Hz tone. What cue is he likely to use

interaural time difference (ITD)

which kind of sound wave has more than one frequency and repeats itself over time?

complex, periodic

in audiology "AD" which is an abbreviation of the Latin word Auris Dextra (dextral) is used to denote the

right ear

what kind of waves are sound waves

longitudinal

when air molecules are spread apart resulting air pressure that is lower than the ambient air pressure

rarefraction

veritgo is a feeling of

motion / spinning even when sitting still

the distance usually in meters that a sine wave or pure tone travels in one second

wavelength

which process serves as a natural mechanism to help move cerumen and debris out of the ear canal?

epithelial migration

if two identical sine waves of the same frequency are 180 degrees out of phase are combined

the waves will cancel each other out and the amplitude will be zero

the external ear canal has a resonant frequency of

3000-4000 Hz

this results in a peak gain of ______ dB in that frequency range

10-15

what type of sound is produced by simple harmonic motion

pure-tone

when your head turns to the right the balance part of your ear triggers a reflex that

moves your eyes to the left

at 0 decibels

the pressure level is equal to the reference pressure for the dB SPL scale

there is no sound in

space

the pinna affects gain for frequencies

above 4000 Hz

as frequency increases, the period of a sine wave

decreases

a broadband noise is presented at 90 degrees azimuth relative to a listeners head which ear will the sound reach first?

right ear

posterior

toward the back

lateral

away from the midline

medial

toward the midline

anterior

towards the front

which of the following is true about cerumen? check all that apply

it keeps bugs and debris from traveling medially into the ear canal

it is made from sebaceous and cerumenous glands in the ear canal

what is the period of a sine wave with a frequency of 319 Hz?

3.1

for both audiology and speech language pathology the license that allows a clinician to provide services is governed by

individual states

at the base of the cochlea the basilar membrane is ______ and _____ at the apex

narrower and stiffer

what connects the middle ear to the pharynx and opens to equalize in the middle ear space

eustachain tube

what activates the acoustic reflex in humans

loud sounds

there is a greater displacement in the unattached regions of the TM than at the manubrium

curved membrane mechanism

the manubrium of the malleus is longer than the long process of the incus

ossicular lever mechanism

the force applied to the tympanic membrane is focused down to the oval window. this mechanism is the largest contribution to the middle ear transformer

area ratio mechanism

as a pure tone sound travels through the cochlea it will peak in amplitude at a point along the basilar membrane that is associated with:

the ideal stiffness for the frequency

the coding of frequency to a specific place along the basilar membrane is called

tonotopic organization

the apical end of the cochlea where the Scala Vestibuli and Scala Tympani meet is called the

helicotrema

mechanical vibrations are transduced into neural signals by the

inner hair cells

the primary function of organ of corti is to

change mechanical vibrations associated with sound that occur within the cochlea into neural signals representing sound

order in which sound travels through the middle ear

outer ear -> malleus -> incus -> stapes -> inner ear

which part of the middle ear is superior to the tympanic membrane and contains portions of the incus and malleus

epitympanic recess

contain structural proteins which allow them to change in length:

outer hair cells

high frequencies are coded at the _____ of the cochlea

base

low frequencies are coded at the _____ of the cochlea

apex

the tectorial membrane is a gelatinous structure that lies over the top of the hair cells. What is embedded in the tectorial membrane even when there is no sound?

stereocilia of the outer hair cells

lateral bending of ____ result in inner and outer hair cell excitation

stereocillia

the tops of the hair cells and supporting cells come together to form a solid surface called the ____

reticular lamina

which of the following is flask shaped allowing for approximately 20 nerve fibers to connect to this cell body?

inner hair cells

label the scalas

which muscle is associated with the acoustic reflex in humans

stapedius

the organ of corti is located on the

basilar membrane

which portion of the tympanic membrane is only made up of 2 layers

pars flaccida

the bony core of the cochlea is called the

modiolous

which of the following determines the loudness of a sound

intensity, frequency and bandwidth

for the method of constant stimuli a ______ is constructed, which displays the percentage of times the stimulus was heard at each level

psychometric function

in addition to the basilar membrane which of the following also contains a tonotopic map, in which the location of neural activity is systematically based upon frequency?

all nuclei of the afferent (ascending). auditory pathway and the auditory cortex

the McGurk effect demonstrates that

when classifying speech sounds our brain integrates both auditory and visual information

each inner hair cell has approximately ____ type 1 fibers connecting to it

20

auditory nerve fibers code the intensity of a sound as

discharge rate

which of the following describes Webers law

the amount of change it takes to detect something as different is a constant percentage of the starting stimulus

for a pure-tone sound to be perceived as "tonal" it must have a duration of at least ________ milliseconds depending on it's frequency

10-60

once the critical bandwidth is reached, listeners will perceive ________ as the bandwidth is increased further

an increase in loudness

MAF thresholds tend to be ____ dB lower than MAP thresholds, due to _________

6 dB & binaural summation

if a 2000 Hz tone and a 2005 Hz tone of equal amplitudes are presented simultaneously, the listener will perceive

a tone that beats in amplitude at the rate of 5 Hz

for sounds below 200 ms as the duration of sound is decreased the loudness of the sound will

decrease

in the ________ the tester controls the stimulus level and threshold is determined by averaging crossover points of ascending and descending runs

method of limits

jesse is presented with a complex sound that consists of the following pure tones: 800, 900, 1,00, 1,100 and 1,200 Hz. Jesse will perceive a low-frequency pitch corresponding to 100 Hz. This phenomenon is called:

pitch of the missing fundamental

humans can hear sounds between _____ Hz and ______ Hz

20 and 20,000

sounds typically become uncomfortably loud at ______ dB SPL

100

sound (audition) is initially processed in which portion of brain

temporal lobe

in addition to the place of stimulation, the frequency of sound is also coded within the cochlea through

phase locking

auditory nerve fibers from all parts of the cochlea come together to form the cochlear portion of which cranial nerve?

8th

when there is no sound the auditory nerve fibers?

produce spikes at their spontaneous discharge rate

no response

down arrow

left bone conduction (masked)

]

right air conduction (unmasked)

O

right air conduction (masked)

triangle

left air conduction (unmasked)

X

left bone conduction (unmasked)

>

right bone conduction (masked)

[

left air conduction (masked)

square

soundfield

S

this is an objective test used to measure outer hair cell function and can be used to screen young children

otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)

for patients with sensorineural hearing loss

sounds are both attenuated (softer) and distorted due to cochlear dysfunction

for pediatric hearing screenings we determine if a child can hear a tone at what level?

20 dB

for level, the scale used most commonly in the clinic is:

dB HL

This measure is unable to provide thresholds, and is used for patients 0-4 months old

behavioral observation audiometry

which transducer cannot provide ear specific thresholds?

speakers / soundfield

which type of hearing loss occurs when patients have problems/ disorders effecting only the inner ear (outer and middle ear function are normal)

sensorineural

during tympanometry a 266 Hz probe tone is used for adults. What is the purpose of probe tone?

the level of the probe tone is monitored by a microphone in the ear canal and the level of the probe tone lets us know how much sound was absorbed/ transmitted through the outer and middle ear system

this type of hearing loss caused by problems with sound traveling through the outer and/or middle ear and inner ear function is normal

conductive

when performing pure tone audiometry which type of stimulus is preferred choice for most audiologist?

pulsed tone

when interpreting a type B tympanogram which value will let you know if there is a perforation in the tympanic membrane, something in the middle ear space or blocked ear canal

estimated ear canal volume (EECV)

zero dB on the HL scale represents

normal human hearing for a highly trained listener

for this procedure, the child responds by looking towards a reward such as an animated toy or TV screen

visual reinforcement audiometry

which of the following is a physiological test that can be used to test infants and children?

ABR

which air conduction transducer may be used to prevent collapsing ear canals in air conduction testing

inserts

measures the lowest level at which a patient can correctly identify (repeat back) a word:

speech recognition threshold (SRT)