US History: The 80's (Test)

Review Game- Oct. 10 Objective and Map- Oct. 11 (90's Test Questions in each section of Objective) Essay and Timeline- Oct. 12 ~Know the Southern States

Southern States

Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Texas

Who was the president in 1980?

Jimmy Carter

Is Jimmy Carter democrat or republican?

democrat

Why was president Carter elected?

people were mad at Republicans because of the Water Gate Scandal

Iranian Hostage Crisis

November 4, 1979 Iranian fundamentalist invade and take over the US Embassy in Iran and held 52 Americans hostage

What does Carter try to do to get hostages out of Iran?

tries to negotiate

How long were the 52 American hostages held in Iran?

444 days

Who is Ayotollah Khomeini?

leader of Iran who turned the government into a theocracy

Theocracy

church run state

inflation

price of goods go up in value of dollar goes down

purchasing power

ability to buy things

What was the inflation rate in 1980?

15%

The 1980 election Democrat nominees

Jimmy Carter and Edward Kennedy

Edward Kennedy

running for the democratic nomination in 1980; involved in a scandal with Mary Jo Kopechne and car accident

Mary Jo Kopechne

Campaign worker for Edward Kennedy; rumored to have an affair with him; killed in a car accident on the Chappaquiddick Creak

Who was nominated in the 1980 Democratic nomination and his running mate?

Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale (Running Mate)

Who was nominated in the 1980 Republican nomination?

Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush (Running Mate)

Who is John Anderson?

US Representative from IL; more liberal Republican; popular with younger people

Who is the third candidate running for president in 1980?

John Anderson

Why is John Anderson's chances of winning low?

he says he will raise the gas tax by 50 cents

What are Ronald Reagan's campaign promises?

cut taxes and government spending on social programs and build up military

What does Reagan say about Carter?

says Carter is weak and too liberal

What does Carter say about Reagan?

says Reagan is a war monger and anti-poor

Who wins the 1980 presidential election?

Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush (running mate)

When are the American hostages in Iran released?

January 20, 1981 (Reagan's inauguration)

What was Reagan before becoming president?

Hollywood actor, president of the S.A.G. (Screen Actors Guild), 2 time governor of California

What was Reagan's political stance before becoming president?

New Deal Democrat

Why did Reagan's political stance change?

The Red Scare

Red Scare

communism scare

What was Reagan's economic plan called?

Reaganomics

What is the 3 parts to Reaganomics?

-cut all income taxes and bigger cuts for the wealthy

-cut all corporate taxes and bigger cuts for larger companies

-cut all government spending except for the military

What is supply side economics?

theory that tax reductions for the wealthy would stimulate the economy (trickle down theory)

What were the 3 big social programs was funding was cut from?

food stamps, medicare, social security

What did Reagan put more funding in?

expanding the military

What happened in August of 1981?

Reaganomics Passes (largest tax cut in America)

How much money in taxes were cut?

39 billion dollars in taxes

By what percent did the average American's taxes go down?

25% over 3 years

single-issue groups

groups that were concerned with single issues that pressured politicians

single-issue groups examples

pro-life organizations, ERA (equal right amendment for women), prayer in school

Televangelists

minister who uses television to preach, would influence voters and politicians

Jerry Falwell

famous televangelist; Leader of the moral majority

Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye

they had a TV shoe called PTL (Praise The Lord Club), Jim Bakker accused of having an affair, Jim Bakker goes to prison (tax evasion)

Jimmy Swaggart

televangelist who was arrested (caught with prostitute)

Pat Robertson

TV show called 700 Club, homophobic, told America 9/11 was their own fault

What happened in March of 1981?

assassination attempt on Reagan (non-fatal wound)

John Hinkley

tried to assassinate Reagan, reason: in love with Jody Foster, plead not guilty by insanity, put into mental hospital

What was Reagan's 3rd promise to Americans?

nominate a woman for the US supreme court (if vacancy)

Sandra Day O'Connor

first woman supreme court justice. appointed by Reagan, conservative

Supreme Court

the highest judicial court in a country or state; 9 justices, judges are labeled conservative, liberal, or moderate; majority is 5

In 1982, what was the economy like?

inflation lowered but still high; unemployment rate 10% (very high); Reagan is blamed

What was the effect of the high inflation and unemployment rate?

less money going to social programs; Reagan is still heavily funding military

The 1982 House of Representative and Senate elections?

Democrats get majority in Senate and increase the majority in House?

In 1983, what was the economy like?

inflation is going down; unemployment rate going down; taxes lowered

Why did the economy boom in 1983?

people were paying 1982 taxes; Reagan needed time for is economic plan to work, people had more money due to reduced taxes

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

known as "Star Wars," President Reagan's SDI proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled, anti-missile defense system capable of destroying ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles) from Soviet Union

How much money would Reagan's SDI plan be?

2 trillion dollars

Does the SDI plan pass?

no (Democratic led Congress)

Why does Reagan introduce the defense plan he knows won't pass?

to scare the USSR

What happens in Grenada in 1983?

a revolution, 800 medical students there, US sends troops to end the revolution and protect medical students

What happens in Lebanon in 1983?

suicide bomber blows up marine base (240 marines killed)

Reasons why public education was worse in early 80's:

rise in drug use in schools, economic decline, educational productivity decline, inadequate funding

What does Reagan do because of the Lebanese bomber?

withdraws troops from the middle east; shows he compassionate

A Nation at Risk (1983)- suggestions

-more homework for students

-paying teachers more

-longer school years and days

What were the 3 suggestions given by the article "A Nation at Risk" to fix schools?

more homework, longer school days and years, more money for teachers

What is the major source of funding for school?

property taxes

Third World Country

under developed country; unstable government; government usually favors the wealthy

In 1911, why did the US send marines to Nicaragua?

to protect American businesses and interests

How long were the marines in Nicaragua?

22 years (1911-1933)

Why did the US take marines out of Nicaragua?

stable government (Somoza Government)

Somoza Government

good relationship with America, treated rich well, not good to the poor

Sandinista Government

revolts against the Somoza; left wing group, funded by USSR, maybe communists; takes over Nicaragua

When Carter was president in 1978, what did he do about the Sandinista Government?

recognized them, gives aid and funding

Why does Carter fund the Sandinista Government?

helping poor and would stop funding from USSR (communists)

Contras

group in Nicaragua that opposed the Sandinistas; right wing group; Reagan wants to fund because not communist

Why is Reagan sending money to Argentina?

he is indirectly funding the Contras; does not want to be involved with war in Nicaragua; Argentina using money to train Contras

Why did Reagan want to fund the Contras instead of the Sandinistas?

not communists

By 1983 how large had the Contras grow to?

10,000

CIA stands for what?

Central Intelligence Agency

Who was also training the Contras?

the CIA

What were the CIA doing on the harbors of Nicaragua?

helping Contras mine the harbors

Boland Amendment (1983)

outlaws US from aiding Contras for two years

A.I.D.S.

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

What does HIV do?

attacks the immune system

What type of disease is HIV?

STD (sexually transmitted disease)

How can HIV be passed?

passed from an HIV positive mother to child; blood to blood contact, IV Drug users, sexual transmission

When HIV is exposed to oxygen what happens?

immediately dies

Ryan White

hemophiliac (blood doesn't clot correctly); blood transfusion which was HIV positive; contracted HIV; kicked out of school

Who were most of the people dying of HIV in the 1980's?

young gay men

Who is nominated by the G.O.P. for president in the 1984 election?

Ronald Reagan

Who is Reagan's running mate in the 1984 election?

George H. W. Bush

State of the Union

each year the president will give a speech to a joint session of Congress (members of the House, Senate and Supreme Court); usually in January

budget deficit

a situation in which the government spends more than it takes in

What does a budget deficit lead to?

debt

In 1980 what was our debt?

900 billion dollars

In 1984 what was our debt?

2 trillion dollars

How long did it take us to accumulate 900 billion dollars in debt?

204 years (since 1776)

Who were the 1984 Democratic nominees?

Gary Hart, Jesse Jackson, Walter Mondale

Gary Hart

US senator from Colorado, Kennedy esque (like Kennedy), no political experience

Jesse Jackson

African american, first black person to run for a major political party nomination, civil rights activist, Rainbow Coalition, minister, great public speaker