Anatomy Lab: Neurology

Perikaryon

Cell body of a neuron

Nucleus

Inside the cell body

Neurofibrils

Protein filaments that form the core of the nerve fiber (red stuff)

Dendrites

Receive signals (the thick sticks sticking out of the cell body)

Axon

Transmits signals away from the dendritic zone (grey thing inside the neurolemmocytes)

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)

Covering over neural fibers of all peripheral neurons. Wrapped around axon to form a Myelin sheath, Schwann cells (only found in the peripheral neural system, wrapped around axon, it's a cell, and the layers are the cell membrane, facilitate the speed of action potential, will help regeneration of any fibers.

Neurofibril Node (Node of Ranvier)

Points of discontinuity between neurolemmocytes. Facilitates speed of nerve impulse transmission

Sensory Neuron (afferent)

Yellow color on model, in the dorsal side, takes stimulus to CNS

Motor Neuron (efferent)

Orange color on model, takes CNS to PNS, go to the spinal nerve into muscle

Interneuron (integrator cells between sensory and motor)

Green color on the model, within the central nervous system, located in grey matter, communterm-7icates between sensory and motor

Meninges

3 layers of protective connective tissue that surrounds brain and spinal cord. Contains and controls the flow of CSF.

Frontal lobe

Includes the motor cortex and areas for thought and memory

Occipital

Visual cortex

Temporal lobe

Processing center for hearing and emotional behavior

Parietal lobe

Includes the sensory cortex, main receiving area for skin and joint sensation

Cerebellum

Reflex center for balance, maintenance of posture, fine/complex muscle movements, remember with cerebalance

Central Sulcus

The groove that separates frontal and parietal lobe

Precentral Gyrus

Bumps in front of central sulcus, motor

Postcentral Gyrus

Bumps behind the central sulcus, sensory

Lateral Cerebral Fissure

Separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe

Parieto-occipital Fissure

Separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe

Insula

Little mini brain looking one inside the brain, deals with emotion

Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure

Splits the hemispheres, runs front to back

Midbrain

Part of the brain stem, second part, underneath diencephalon, cerebral peduncle, corpora quadrigemina

Diencephalon

Part of the brain stem, first part, thalamus. hypothalamus, pineal gland

Pons

Part of the brain stem, third part, the little belly sticking out, a bridge between your spinal cord and higher brain functions

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the brain stem, last part, underneath pons

Corpus Callosum

Connects right and left brain, mass above the diencephalon

Parts of the Diencephalon

a. Fornix right at the top of the diencephalon b. intermediate mass of the thalamus c. hypothalamus, mammillary body d. hypophysis (pituitary) e. corpora quadrigemina

Septum pellucidum

Separates lateral ventricles, between fornix and corpus colosum

Third ventricle

Choroids plexus of 3rd vent

Fourth ventricle

Choroids plexus of 4th ventricle behind pons medullum

2 lateral ventricles

Choroid plexus produces CSF, behind septum pellucidum

Interventricular Foramen (of monro)

3rd ventricle, the little hole

Cerebral Aqueduct

4th ventricle

Lateral Aperture

Magendie, through median aperture

Median Aperture

Cisterna cerebellomedularis of (subarachnoid space)

Cisterna superior

Above cerebellum & down Subarachnoid space of Spinal Cord (posterior) & up along the anterior

Subarachnoid Space

Around cerebral hemispheres

Arachnoid Granulations

Sagital Sinus