AUTOCAD

DRAFTING

-The systematic representation and dimensional specification of mechanical and architectural structures

Freehand Drawing

Is the ability to draw something without depending on instruments or something else to draw.

Artists' drawings

drawings made without

the use of drawing instruments or

straightedges.

2. Technical sketches

Generally, an object is

shown in three orthographic views -- top, front, and

side views.

Blocking In The Objects

This first technique helps you understand the rough outline of your objects. To get it right you have to look at your subject in front of you and you have to see it without negative space in between.

Warm-Up Exercises

A very good way to get started before even seriously beginning the actual drawing of your subject is to do some beginner exercises to warm up.

Vertical line -

are sketched from the top downward.

Horizontal line

– are drawn from left to right

Inclined –

are also sketched from left

to right.

Short line –

are drawn with finger

movement

Long line –

are made with arm movement

Gap –

drawn in segments with very small

spaces

Perpendicular lines

line that makes 90 degrees with eachother

Parallel lines

lines that never meet

curved lines/ regular

with definite direction like arc, ellipse and circle

curved line/ irregular

no definite direction

radii method

a method of using 8 lines as guide to create a regular curve

parallelogram method

a method of using 4 lines as guide to create a regular circle

h b hb f pencil

H= HARDNESS

B=BLACKNESS

HB=HARDNESS AND BLACKNESS

F=FINENESS

Conical Point

make different thickness of

lines varying the pressure of the pencil against the surface.

Chisel Point

Make wide lines

depending on the width of the point.

Elliptical Point

The round point is when the pencil has been worn down. The

rounded point will be helpful for shading larger sections.

outline drawing or sketch

restricted to line without shading

or modeling of form.

accented.

If outlines, as these lines are often called, have varied thicknesses,

Shading

is the process of

making visible surfaces on an

object, drawn in an outline

form, appear in a variety of

tones and values.

Shadow

shadow is an image cast by an object on

another surface.

Geometrical figures

Include points, lines, and angles; planes (circle,

ellipse, rectangle, square, regular polygon. triangle, etc.) and solids

(cone, pyramid, cube, prism, sphere, cylinder, etc.).

concentric circles.

Two or more circles with a

common center

eccentric circles.

Those without

a common center are called

ellipse

plane figure bounded by a curved line but

without a common center.

REGULAR POLYGONS

A regular polygon is a plane figure with five or more

sides. All the sides and angles are

equal.

INTERIOR ANGLE EQUATION

DESIGNING

is the process of planning and creating a

structure or an ornament that will serve its purpose or

function.

Structural design

is the proper choice of

materials and methods of

construction in such a

way as to produce an

object or structure that

will function effectively,

thereby satisfying the

purpose it is designed for.

APPENDAGES

are protruding parts of the

main structural design.

These parts should

harmonize in shape with

the whole structure.

Materials

Determine the texture or character of the surface of an object or structure. The characteristic and strength of

these materials are therefore considered in designing a structure.

Determine the texture or character of the surface of an object or structure. The characteristic and strength of

these materials are therefore considered in designing a structure.

includes the proper selection and use of tools and equipment needed.

Finish

is the finishing touches applied to the structure, and it determines the value

and color of the structure's surfaces.

Function

means the usefulness, practicability, or utility of a structure.

Decorative

Design

is the surface

enrichment or

decoration of a

structural design.

LINE

It may be

represented by a stroke of the pencil or ballpen.

VERTICAL LINES

MAY SUGGEST STRENGTH,

DIGNITY, OR UPRIGHTNESS.

2. HORIZONTAL LINES

MAY SUGGEST QUIETNESS

AND BALANCE.

3. INCLINED LINES

MAY SUGGEST INSTABILITY,

SUPPORT, OR ACTION.

4. REGULAR CURVED

SUGGEST MONOTONY AND

UNIFORMITY.

IRREGULAR CURVED

LINES

SUGGEST FEMININITY,

GRACE, OR VARIETY.

6. HEAVY LINES

SUGGEST BOLDNESS OR

NEARNESS.

7. LIGHT LINES

SUGGEST DISTANCE,

FINENESS, DELICATENESS.

8. BROKEN LINES

SUGGEST DISORDER OR

POWER, AS IN THE SYMBOL OF

LIGHTNING.

SUGGEST DISORDER OR

POWER, AS IN THE SYMBOL OF

LIGHTNING.

FORM

A line joined end-to-end produces a form. determines the structural shape of an object.

VALUE

This term, sometimes called shade, tone, notan, or dark- and-light, is the lightness or darkness of a color or of an object.

BLACK

the absence of light

WHITE

the presence of light

TEXTURE

refers to the kind or quality of a surface. The

surface may be fine or rough, hot or cold, hard or

soft, rugged or smooth, shiny or dull, and so on.

COLOR

the

quality of light.

Intermediate Color

Equal mixture of a primary

and secondary color

neutrals

White, gray, and black are not

considered as colors. They are known as

.

Hue

is the name of color.

• Value

is the darkness or lightness of a

color.

•Intensity

is the brightness or dullness of

color.

DECORATIVE DESIGN

Its function is to decorate a

structure with a desired

ornamentation.

Naturalistic Design

resembles

an actual or real object in shape

and in color.

Conventional Design •

A conventional design has some

resemblance to the real object, but

some details are omitted from it.

Geometrical Design

has a slight

resemblance to the real object but

consists of geometric shapes.

Abstract Design

is not recognizable

as representing any known object.

BALANCE

synonymous to symmetry, equilibrium, and equal weights.

Informal

The larger shapes are located near the center lines - vertical or horizontal - while the smaller shapes are

farther away from those lines. This type of balance is also called asymmetrical, occult, free balance.

Formal

Formal balance is either obvious or bisymmetrical.

HARMONY

Is synonymous with unity and order

Rhythm

- Is synonymous with repetition or

related movement

Border Pattern

- Repetition in one direction