History Semester Final

Who was the President of the United States at the Start of the 1950’s?

Truman

-Created the Central Intelligance Agency (CIA) -Established the practice of Brinkmanship -Who was the President of the United States who was elected in 1952?

Eisenhower

Which United States Senator accused the State Department of having 200 Communists?

Mccarthy

Who was the leader of the People's Republic of China?

Mao

Who was the leader of the Soviet Union after Joseph Stalin?

Kruschev

Name 4 original members of Nato

-Belgium -Canada -Denmark -France -Iceland -Italy -Luxembourg -Netherlands -Norway -Portugal -UK -US

Name 5 members of the Warsaw pact

-Albania -Bulgaria -Czechoslovakia -East Germany -Hungary -Poland -Romania

What was the name of the bill set up to help out soldiers after they got home from WWII?

GI Bill

What was the name of quickly setting up houses outside of big cities that are credited with the rise of suburbs?

Levittowns

The committee set up in the House of Representatives that investigated Hollywood and blacklisted the Hollywood 10?

Huac (House Un-American Activities Committee)

What's the name of the television show that primarily focused on a 1950’s housewife and singer?

I Love Lucy

What was the name of the strategy used in schools and businesses to avoid injury during an Atomic blast?

Duck and Cover

Which line separated North and South Korea when the war started and today?

38th parallel

The organization the United States joined shortly after WWII with 50 original members?

U.N.

The Acronym for if one country used the Atomic Bomb every country would and destroy the earth

M.A.D.

The theory that if one country falls to Communism, all of the countries around them would as well

Domino Theory

The Idea that the United States would provide economic help to anyone fighting a war against Communism?

Truman Doctrine

The idea of pushing your enemy as far as possible without them going over the edge?

Brinkmanship

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, China, Russia, and later the US

President of the US during Great Depression and World War II

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

Harry Truman

How Germany was paying back their war reparations backed by the United States Loans

Loan Cycle

Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s.

Nazism

is an autobiography by the National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

Mien Kampf

In 1923 the Nazis attempted to overthrow the government in Munich. It was a total failure, and Hitler received a brief prison sentence during which time he wrote Mein Kampf.

Beer Hall Putsch

Facism in Italy

Mussolini established a totalitarian-styled government in Italy.

A military draft

Conscription

A region in Germany designated a demilitarized zone by the Treaty of Versailles; Hitler violated the treaty and sent German troops there in 1936

Rhineland

The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938.

Anschluss

1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further.

Munich Conference

1939 Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia and violates Munich Agreement.

Czechoslovakia

included secret clauses for the division of Poland and Soviet takeover of the Baltic states (roots of the cold war)

Molotav Ribbentrop Pact

Germany invaded Poland- Germany won quickly. Britain and France declared war against Germany from pact with Poland. Soviet Union claimed Eastern part from German-Soviet Pact.

Poland 1939

Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power.

Benito Mussolini

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocaust.

Adolf Hitler

Japanese emperor during WWII

Emporer Hirohito

General in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, said, "If we yield to America's demands, it will destroy the fruits of the China incident."

Hidecki Tojo

A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.

Winston Churchill

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Stalin

"Desert Fox"-May 1942; German and Italian armies were led by him and attacked British occupied Egypt and the Suez Canal for the second time; were defeated at the Battle of El Alamein; was moved to France to oversee the defenses before D-Day; tried to assassinate Hitler.

Erwin Rommel

Allied Commander of the Third Army. Was instrumental in winning the Battle of the Bulge. Considered one of the best military commanders in American history.

George Patton

American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.

Douglas MacArthur

United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; President before JFK; Paris Summit

Dwight Eisenhower

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

Blitzkrieg

Happened in the Chinese city of Nanking. The Japanese troops taking over killed 300,000 people in 6 weeks. Experts estimate that 20,000 women and girls were raped.

Nanking Massacre

December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet

Pearl Harbor

An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.

Battle of Britain

June, 1940. The Germans came through with the Blitzkrieg and defeated them in 9 days.

Invasion of France

A city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire.

Dunkirk

During World War II, Leningrad was surrounded and besieged by the German Wehrmacht, which cut off all supplies going into the city and trapping the people inside

Leningrad

City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943. The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. Today Volgograd.

Stalingrad

Codename for allied invasion of North Africa from Novermber 1942 to September 1943

Operation Torch

Allied soldiers of America/Britain invaded Italy, which resulted in the capture of Sicily in August 1943. Therefore Mussolini was cut off from Italy's power along with the surrendering of the new Italian government.

Invasion of Italy

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

D-Day

Codename of fake operation to deceive the Germans into believe an invasion would occur at Calais

Operation Fortitude

December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.

Battle of the Bulge

Resource rich American territory defended by MacArthur that was taken by the Japanese

Invasion of the Philippines

Japanese forced about 60,000 of Americans and Filipinos to march 100 miles with little food and water, most died or were killed on the way

Bataan Death March

1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific

Battle of Midway

a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)

Iwo Jima

Site of important battle near Japanese mainland; last battle before atomic bombs; Allies won

Okinawa

"Night of the Broken Glass" in which Nazi's attacked Jewish communities across Germany.

Krystallnacht

prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.

Concentration Camps

Final solution of the Jewish question-murder of every single Jew-had begun-mass arresting, and trafficking of Jews to the concentration camps-mass killings occurred as well in the gas chambers

Final Solution

the act of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression; release.

liberation

The SS were the elite guards for Hitler and they were also in charge of the Holocaust

SS Nazis

Sections of towns and cities in which Jews were forced to live.

Ghettos

People who wanted the United States to stay out of world affairs

Isolationist

idea that the United States should get involved in world affairs

interventionist

policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

Cash and Carry

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

Lend-Lease Act

law requiring men to register for military service

Selective Service Act

Certificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war.

War Bonds

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Rosie the Riveter

Backyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort

Victory Gardens

ordered all Japanese Americans into internment camps after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1942

Order 9066

Japanese and Japanese Americans from the West Coast of the United States during WWII. While approximately 10,000 were able to relocate to other parts of the country of their own choosing, the remainder-roughly 110,000 me, women and children-were sent to hastly constructed camps called "War Relocation Centers" in remote portions of the nation's interior.

Japanese Internment

lead the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear bomb. He was remembered as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb."

J. Robert Oppenheimer

America's extremely secret testing of its atomic power in New Mexico on July 16th, 1945

Trinity Test

Name of the bomb that exploded over Hiroshima

Little Boy

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

Fat Man

City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.

Hiroshima

Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945).

Nagasaki

ships that accommodate the taking off and landing of airplanes, and transport aircraft

aircraft carrier

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

Island Hopping

a military maneuver in which soldiers are brought close to shore by boat and swim or wade to land

amphibious landing

July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.

Potsdam Conference

A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity.

Nuremberg Trials

What is the NAACP?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

What is De Facto Segregation?

Segregation by unwritten custom or tradition.

What is De Jure Segregation?

Segregation by law.

What were Jim Crow Laws?

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation.

What was Plessy V. Ferguson?

Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation.

What is lynching?

Extrajudicial killing by a mob. Used often by the KKK

What is the Ku Klux Klan?

White supremacist hate group.

Who was Emmett Till?

African American teenager murdered for allegedly whistling at a white woman.

What was Brown V. Board of Education?

Supreme Court case that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Who were the Little Rock 9?

A group of African American students who integrated Little Rock Central High School.

Who was Ruby Bridges?

African American child who integrated an all-white elementary school in New Orleans.