History Ch.17-18

bureaucracy

means "men who sit at desks"

Louis XIV

reigned for 70 years; "Sun King"; said "I am the state."

Mazarin

regent that ruled for 5 yr old Louis XIV

Palace of Versailles

built to entertain and distract nobles

Jean Baptiste Colbert

French minister of finance

Samuel de Champlain

father of New France

Quebec

First permanent French colony in America

New France

Included Mississippi Valley

League of Augsburg

A coalition of countries in opposition to France

War of the League of Augsburg

France was defeated and forced to return to conquered land

Treaty of Ryswick

treaty that ended the wars

Treaty of Utrecht

established the balance of the power concept

The Enlightenment

a movement that attempted to apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man's life

Voltaire

Father of the Enlightenment; advocated for revolution

Rationalism

idea that man's reason is the sole criterion for truth

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Father of French Romanticism

Romanticism

exalted man's emotions and imagination as the basis for truth

Denis Diderot

wrote Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia

the reorganizing of all knowledge from the rational perspective

Louis XV

recognized the death of the "old regime"; said "after me the deluge"

Louis XVI

ruled during the collapse of the French monarchy; planned to disband the national Assembly

First Estate

clergy

Second Estate

nobility

Third Estate

middle class; peasants

aristocratic revolution

what the French Revolution began as

National Assembly

Called Constituent Assembly ; replaced the Estates-General

Tennis Court Oath

vow to meet until a national constitution had been written

mass revolution

final stage of revolution

July 14, 1789

Bastille Day; French Independence Day

August 4th Decrees

renouncing of feudalism

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

declared " Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"

Jacobin Club

supporters of extreme revolution

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

required an oath of loyalty from Catholic priests thus ending religious freedom

Constitution of 1791

made France a "constitutional monarchy with a very weak king"

Left

wanted the revolution to go further

Right

wanted the revolution to go no further and supported the king

National Convention

replaced Constituent Assembly

Committee of Public Safety

set up to stop the spread of anarchy; 12 men

Maximilien Robespierre

became the most influential person in France; led Reign of Terror

Metric system

new system of weights and measures

Deism

teaches that God is an impersonal God

Directory

replaced National Convention; 5th new government in France

Consulate

replaced Directory in 1799

Plebiscite

an election in which the people express their will

Code Napoleon

new law codes established in France

Concordat

peace agreement with the Catholic church

1804

Napoleon was declared emperor by pope

Battle of Trafalgar

British navy destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet

Lord Horatio Nelson

greatest naval hero in history

Battle of Austerlitz

greatest victory of Napoleon's career

1812

Napoleon dominated all of Europe

Marie Louise

2nd wife of Napoleon

Continental System

forbade European countries from trading with Britain

Czar Alexandar I

Russian czar that withdrew his country from the continental system

Battle of Leipzig

Battle of Nations; Napoleon was defeated

Elba

island that Napoleon was exiled to the first time

Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon meets his final defeat

St. Helena

island Napoleon was exiled to the second time

James I

believed in the divine right of kings

Divine Right of Kings

idea that because God placed the king in authority he is above all men and their laws

Puritans

believed in a Presbyterian form of church government

1611

KJV completed

1607

Jamestown established

1620

Plymouth established

Charles I

son of James I

Petition of Rights

reaffirmed the liberties and rights of the past

Eleven Years' Tyranny

England moved toward an absolute monarchy

William Laud

helped Charles I strengthen the power of the King over the Church of England

National Covenant

Scottish pledge to resist any attempt to change their religious institutions without their consent

Long Parliament

met for 13 years straight

Grand Remonstrance

the Puritans agreed on a document stating additional grievances

Roundheads

those who supported Parliament

Cavaliers

Those who supported the king

Oliver Cromwell

led the New Model Army; "Ironsides"; established Protectorate

Rump Parliament

had King Charles beheaded

Treaty of Dover

Charles agreed to obtain religious toleration for English Catholics

Whigs

opposed Charles II

James II

replaced his brother as king

William III and Mary II

led the Glorious Revolution

Anne

last Stuart ruler

1707

Scotland and England united

Philipp Spener

established assemblies of piety

Pietists

those who attended assemblies of piety

August Franke

known for his leadership in education as a result of the pietist movement

Moravians

led by Count Von Zinzendorf

The Brethren

German Baptists

Herrnhut

Count von Zinzendorf's estate; Moravian headquarters

Jonathan Edwards

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Geroge Whitefield

best- known Great Awakening evangelist

Age of Reason

late 17th and early 18th century

John Locke

promoted empiricism

Empiricism

belief that experience is the only source of knowledge

David Hume

promoted skepticism

skepticism

idea that knowing truth is impossible

John and Charles Wesley

began the Methodist church

William Wilber-Force

led movement to abolish slavery in England

Robert Raikes

"Father of the Sunday School Movement"

John Howard

led in prison reform

1792

marks the beginning of modern missions

William Carey

Father of Modern Missions