Science Semester 1 Exam

inductive reasoning

uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion

deductive reasoning

uses a general principle of law to predict specific results

scientific method steps

make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, make a prediction, do an experiment, analyze and report the results

biotic

a living thing

abiotic

never alive

dead

was alive, still biotic

hypothesis

a testable explanation

control group

point of reference

theory

a hypothesis that has been tested by many people

law

a theory that has been proven correct so many times that it is assumed to be true (under most circumstances)

Aristotle thought evolution was ______________

goal-oriented

Lamark thought evolution happened by __________________________

acquired characteristics

Darwin thought evolution happened by ____________________________

natural selection

levels of organization (from smallest to largest)

individual, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

individual

one organism

species

individuals able to breed and the offspring are also able to breed

population

a species in a particular time and place

community

all the populations in a given area

ecosystem

the biotic and abiotic factors of a given place

biosphere

all the ecosystems on the planet

features of populations

population density, dispersion, and size

population density

the ratio of individuals to the area of their habitat

population dispersion

how are the species scattered?

population size

how big is the population and how is it changing?

random dispersion

individuals scattered without a pattern

clumped dispersion

individuals are gathered together in groups

uniform dispersion

individuals are spaced evenly apart

natality

birth rate

mortality

death rate

immigration

individuals coming into a population

emigration

individuals going out of a population

intrinsic rate of increase

growth of a population under ideal circumstances; theoretically leads to exponential growth (limited by Carrying Capacity (k)).