Module 5-7 Intro to psychology reviewer

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Consciousness

Individuals current awareness of EXTERNAL or INTERNAL STIMULI

Monitoring Function

A Function of Consciousness where the INFORMATION are from the ENVIRONMENT

Controlling Function

It is a Function of Consciousness. is to plan, initiate and guides our actions.

Subconscious

Memories that are accessible to CONSCIOUSNESS

Unconscious

Memories that ARE NOT accessible to CONSCIOUSNESS

Altered State of Consciousness

It exist whenever there is a CHANGE FROM AN ORDINARY PATTERN of mental functioning to a state that seems different to the person experiencing the change

Automaticity

A method is PRACTICE UNTIL MASTERED in which the mind only uses less consciousness attention than before.

Dissociation

Some thoughts and actions become SPLIT OFF

Sleep

The RECURRING STATE OF MIND AND BODY characterized by altered consciousness which INHIBITS MOVEMENT AND SENSATION

Stage 0

This stage of sleep is the "awake stage" where the brainwaves are still moving

Stage 1 (NREM)

At this stage brainwaves is getting relaxed and becoming calm. making the person become DROWSY AND SLEEPY

Stage 2 (NREM2)

At this stage a person can still RECEIVE SOME STIMULI

Stage 3 (Nrem3)

At this stage the body already INHIBITS SENSATION also DECREASING and RESPIRATORY RATE. this is where we spend our sleep most of the time.

Stage 4 (REM)

The fourth stage where the person sleeping CAN SEE IMAGES and NARRATIVE, along with SOUND and SENSATIONS at what we call DREAMING

REM

Rapid eye movement

Dreaming

Is an altered state of consciousness in which is a succession of IMAGES, IDEAS, EMOTIONS, and SENSATIONS that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain period of sleep

Vivid Dreaming

A state of dreaming where the memories dictate what is the content of the dreams

Lucid Dreaming

A stage of dreaming where the person who dreaming is the one who dictates what is the content of the dream

Freudian Dream Analysis

Freud believed that by uncovering the meaning of one's dream can identify HIDDEN MOTIVATIONS AND DEEPER IDEAS

Manifest

it interpreted the information that the conscious individual remembers experiencing it

Latent

The content of the dream that illustrates the hidden meaning of one's unconscious thoughts, drives, desire

Meditation

Refers to achieving an altered state of consciousness by PERFORMING CERTAIN RITUALS AND EXERCISES

Hypnosis

It is a trance

Hypnotic Suggestion

It is given to a hypnotized individual.

Posthypnotic Amnesia

event occurring during hypnosis may be FORGOTTEN until a signal from the hypnotist enables the individual to recall them.

Positive Hallucination

A type of Hypnotic Hallucination in which the person CAN SEE something most people CAN'T

Negative Hallucination

A type of Hypnotic Hallucination in which the person CAN'T SEE what MOST PEOPLE CAN SEE

Psychoactive Drug

Refers to drug that affect behavior, consciousness, and mood.

Depressants

it reduce AROUSAL and STIMULATION. they affect the central nervous system, slowing down the messages between the brain and body.

Stimulants

Are a class of drugs that speed up messaging traveling between the brain and body. they can make a person feel more awake, alert, confident or energetic.

Tolerance

One of Drug dependence characteristics where your body tolerate a specific substance or a drug, example caffeine at first it affects you but after you use them daily i wont affect you na.

Withrawal

One of Drug dependence characteristics where it is the affect of the drug, in which the person experiences

Compulsive use

One of Drug dependence's characteristics which is typically portrayed as a defining quality of addictive behavior, has been described as a pattern of drug consumption that is stimulus bound, stereotyped, difficult to regulate and identified by a loss of control over intake.

Hallucinogens

Are a LARGE and DIVERSE class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered state of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood and other perception, among other changes. EXAMPLES: Shabu, Marijuana, Chongke.

Learning

It is a process of acquiring new INFORMATION

Non

associative Learning

Habituation

A type of NON

Sensitization

A NON

Associative Learning

Learns a Non Association between TWO STIMULI or events

Classical Conditioning

Is a type of ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING in which a previous NEUTRAL STIMULUS become associated with another stimulus through REPEATED PAIRING with that stimulus.

Acquisition

It is a REPEATED PROCESS OF CONDITIONING until the response is learned

Extinction

Is the UNLEARNING of response after that stimulus was NOT INTRODUCED for a long period of time

Spontaneous Recovery

It is the REINTRODUCTION of a stimulus after EXTINCTION.

Operant Conditioning

Is a Learning process through which the STRENGTH of the behavior MODIFIES by REINFORCEMENT or PUNISHMENT

Reinforcement

Refers to the process whereby the DELIVERY of the stimulus INCREASES the PROBABILITY of a behavior. it also ENCOURAGES belief or pattern of behavior, by Encouragement or reward

Appetitive Stimulus

"Gusto" ng tao na bagay, pangyayari, etcc..

Aversive Stimulus

"Ayaw" ng tao na bagay, pangyayari, pakgain, etc..

Positive Reinforcement

A kind of REINFORCEMENT where APPETITIVE STIMULUS was given to a person

Negative Reinforcement

A kind of REINFORCEMENT where AVERSIVE STIMULUS was taken away to a person

Positive Punishment

A kind of PUNISHMENT where AVERSIVE STIMULUS is given to the person

Punishment

it refers to the process whereby the DELIVERY of the stimulus DECREASES the PROBABILITY of a behavior. it also Discourages the belief and pattern of behavior.

Negative Punishment

A kind of PUNISHMENT where APPETITIVE STIMULUS was taken away to the person

Conditioned Reinforcers

in which a stimulus that has been CONSISTENTLY PAIRED with PRIMARY REINFORCERS

Discrimination Training

It is the DISTINGUISHMENT of a set of stimuli. it mostly happens when persons GENERALIZE all the STIMULI CONDITIONING RESPONSE

Learned Helplessness

It is a state that OCCURS AFTER A PERSON HAS EXPERIENCED A STRESSFUL SITUATION ALREADY. they come to believe that they are unable to control or change the situation so they do not try even when the OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGE ARE AVAILABLE.

Memory

Is the FACULTY OF MIND by which the data or INFORMATION is ENCODED, STORED, and RETRIEVED when needed. It is the RETENTION of information over time for the purpose of INFLUENCING FUTURE ACTION.

Encoding

It is when we PLACE an INFORMATION to our memory

Storing

It is when we RETAIN an INFORMATION to our memory

Retrieving

It is when use STORED INFORMATION to our memory

Atkinson

Shiffrin Model

Sensory Memory

It is when a INFORMATION initially is acquired from ENVIRONMENT via the SENSORY ORGANS is placed into SHORT

Iconic memory

It is the DETAILED VISUAL PRESENTATION of memory

Echoic Memory

It is the DETAILED AUDIO PRESENTATION of memory

Working Memory

It is not just for STORAGE but also in THINKING technically it can MANIPULATE the contents of the information in order to adjust the MIND"S CAPACITY

Encoding

Working Memory

Phonological Loop

It is the REHEARSAL OF AUDITORY INFORMATION, it is to RE

Visio

Spacial Sketchpad

Chunking

It is when we take a SPECIFIC LONG INFORMATION and we SEPARATE them into CHUNKS

Forgetting

it occurs either because the items "DECAY" over time or because they DISPLACED by NEW ITEMS.

Long

term Mermory

Explicit Memory

It is a CONSCIOUS, INTENTIONAL RECOLLECTION of FACTUAL information.

Semantic Memory

Refers to the general WORLD KNOWLEDGE that can be articulated and is independent of PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Episodic Memory

Consist of the STORAGE and RECOLLECTION of OBSERVATIONAL INFORMATION attached to specific LIFE EVENTS

Implicit Memory

It is HARD TO DESCRIBE and can only be explained properly if it SHOWN HOW

Procedural Memory

It let us PERFORM actions even if we are not CONSCIOUSLY THINKING ABOUT IT

Primming

Is a PHENOMENON in whereby exposure to ONE STIMULI INFLUENCES A RESPONSE TO SUBSEQUENT STIMULI without conscious guidance or intention.

Amnesia

it refers to the LOST OF MEMORIES Such as Facts, Information, And experiences

Dementia

it is NOT A DISEASE but rather a general term of the impaired ability to remember, think, or make decision

Alzheimer's Disease

Is the most COMMON TYPE OF DEMENTIA

Personality

is the DISTINCTIVE and CHARACTERISTICS PATTERS of THOUGHT, EMOTION and BEHAVIOR that make up an individual's style of interacting with the PHYSICAL or SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.

Reduce

A method of identifying a personality where in the POTENTIAL SET OF TRAIT TERMS TO A MANAGEABLE SET that will still encompass the diversity of human personality.

Reliable

It is a Method of Identifying a Personality where in INSTRUMENTS USED TO MEASURE different PERSONALITY TRAITS and ENSURE that it is valid.

Research

A method of Identifying a Personality where it us about the RELATIONSHIP between TRAITS and FACTORS to have a different perspective and discover each different behavior

Personality Inventories

It is the QUESTIONNAIRES in which individual REPORT THEIR REACTION OR FEELING in certain situation.

Psychoanalytic Theory

The focus on UNCONSCIOUS MIND rather than the conscious mind

Free association

it is when PATIENTS are INSTRUCTED to SAY WHAT COMES TO MIND, regardless of how trivial or embarrassing it may seem

Iceberg Analogy

Freud insist that our mind is just like an Iceberg

Conscious

Is is the small part that showes above the surface of the water, it is our current awareness

Subconscious

All the INFORMATION that is NOT CURRENTLY NOT ON OUR MIND but that would bring into CONSCIOUSNESS if called upon to do so.

Unconscious

A STORE HOUSE of IMPULSES, WISHES and INACCESSIBLE MEMORIES that affect our thoughts and behavior.

The Id

It is the most PRIMITIVE part of personality. it represents as NEWBORN INFANT and consist of biological IMPULSES OR DRIVES.

The Ego

It OBEYS the gratification of impulse that MUST BE DELAYED until the situation is appropriate. it follows the THE REALITY PRINCIPLE

The Super Ego

It JUDGE whether the ACTION IS RIGHT OR WRONG, generally the super ego is the INTERNALIZED REPRESENTATION OF VALUES AND MORAL OF SOCIETY

Libido

Freud proposed that humans are also CLOSE ENERGY SYSTEMS. there is a constant amount of PSYCHIC ENERGY for any individual which Freud called__

Defense Mechanism

Is the STRATEGY for PREVENTING or REDUCING the anxieties

Refression

EXCLUDING from CONSCIOUS AWARENESS, IMPULSES, AND MEMORIES that are too frightening or painful.

Rationalization

ASSIGNING LOGICAL OR SOCIALLY DESIRABLE MOTIVES. to what we do so that we seen to have acted RATIONALLY

Reaction Formation

CONCEALING A MOTIVE FROM OURSELVES by giving strong expression to the OPPOSITE MOTIVE

Projection

ASSIGNING OUR UNDESIRABLE QUALITIES TO OTHERS in exaggerated amounts.

Intellectualization

ATTEMPTING to gain DETACHMENT to a stressful situationby dealing with in abstract, INTELLECTUAL TERMS