Biology Exam Trimester 1

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Biology

9th

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115 Terms

1
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In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide?
mitosis
2
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During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell
carries out its normal functions
3
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Which of the following phrases best describes cytokinesis?
division of the cytoplasm
4
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Which statement is true about the rates of cell division in eukaryotes?
they vary greatly within an organism
5
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Which of the following limits the maximum size of a cell?
the ratio of cell surface area to volume
6
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The process of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical
daughter cells
7
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The process of organizing and condensing DNA into its compact form takes place at the start of
mitosis
8
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Which is the term for the group of proteins that organizes and condenses long strands of DNA into tight coils?
histones
9
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?
anaphase
10
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Which of the following statements is true of cytokinesis?
completes the cell cycle
11
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Proteins that bind to cells and stimulate cell division are called
growth factors
12
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What is the term for programmed death of cells?
apoptosis
13
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Two internal factors that are important in advancing the cell cycle are
kinases and cyclins
14
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Which phrase best describes cancer?
uncontrolled cell growth
15
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Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called
carcinogens
16
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The most common form of reproduction among prokaryotes is
binary fission
17
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What is the main difference between binary fission and mitosis?
binary fission occurs in single-celled organisms only
18
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Which of the following statements is true of asexual reproduction?
it produces genetically identical offspring
19
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Sea stars that reproduce by splitting into pieces are reproducing by
fragmentation
20
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Vegetative reproduction, budding, and fragmentation are examples of
asexual mitotic reproduction
21
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Which sequence shows the progression from least complex structure to most complex structure?
cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
22
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Which phrase best describes an organ system?
group of organs that work together
23
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Which of the following is a direct result of a normal cell's ability to express only certain genes?
cells can differentiate and specialize
24
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Stem cells are important to multicellular organisms because of their
capacity to differentiate
25
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Which type of stem cell can grow into any other cell type?
totipotent
26
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A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?
somatic cell
27
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How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
23
28
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Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from his or her father?
22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome
29
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Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?
produces haploid gametes
30
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At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?
their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus
31
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Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?
they contain the same genes
32
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Which phrase best describes meiosis 1?
division of homologous chromosomes
33
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What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis 2?
they are divided
34
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Gametogenesis is the term for
production of gametes
35
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What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not contribute?
organelles
36
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Which of the following is an example of a biological trait?
eye color
37
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Mendel began his experiments with purebred pea plants. This approach enabled him to determine that variations among offspring were the result of
his crossings
38
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When Mendel crossed plants that were purebred purple-flowered with plants that were purebred white-flowered, the resulting offspring all had purple flowers. When allowed to self-pollinate, this F generation gave rise to white-flowered plants as well as purple. As a result, Mendel determined that individual traits are
inherited as discrete units
39
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Mendel was able to identify predictable patterns of heredity. He succeeded mainly because he chose to study traits that
had only two forms
40
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Which of the following conclusions was a result of Mendel's observations?
organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent
41
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Which phrase best describes the term genome?
the genes that make up an organism
42
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Hair color and eye color are examples of a person's
phenotype
43
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When an organism has two alleles at a particular locus that are different, the organism is called
heterozygous
44
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If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
tt
45
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An allele is dominant in a heterozygote when it is
expressed and the other allele is not
46
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What do the letters inside the grid of a Punnett square represent?
genotypes of offspring
47
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What is the probability that the offspring of a cross between a homozygous recessive parent and a heterozygous parent will be homozygous recessive?
1/2 (50%)
48
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The term for a cross that involves just one trait, such as pod shape, is called a
monohybrid cross
49
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What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?
3:1
50
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Which of the following observations did Mendel make as a result of his experiments with dihybrid crosses?
different traits are inherited separately
51
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About how many different combinations of chromosomes can be produced through the random fertilization of human gametes?
2^23 x 2^23
52
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Which phrase best describes the process of crossing over?
pairs of homologous chromosomes exchange segments
53
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Suppose a gene that codes for flower color is linked with a gene that codes for leaf shape. Which statement is true of this pair of genes?
they are close together on the same chromosome
54
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During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
prophase 1 of meiosis 1
55
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Which of the following is a result of the study of gene linkage?
the relative distances between genes can be calculated
56
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Scientists use scientific thinking to test
hypotheses
57
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Which is true about a dependent variable in an experiment?
it is the experimental data
58
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When scientists are "evaluating results" as a part of scientific thinking, they mainly
explain data they collected and analyzed
59
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Scientific theories can change when scientists
provide conflicting scientific evidence
60
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Which of the following statements is true of the many parts of the biosphere?
each part is connected to all the others
61
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On Earth, biodiversity generally increases from the
poles to the equator
62
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Only individuals belonging to the same species are able to
reproduce by interbreeding
63
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Organisms use energy for all chemical processes. Together, all of these processes are called
metabolism
64
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Which is the correct description of evolution?
change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
65
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Which phrase best describes an ecosystem?
organisms interacting with each other and with nonliving things in a certain region
66
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Which of the following are most important for an organism to maintain homeostasis?
behaviors and negative feedback
67
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Computer modeling would most likely have to be applied to which of these biological research topics?
how West Nile virus might spread among a population
68
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Which of these biological advances was most likely achieved through molecular genetics?
identifying disease-causing genes
69
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Out of two uses of biotechnology, one that uses genes for producing human insulin relies on
transgenic organisms
70
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An understanding of biology helps you evaluate important issues based on
evidence
71
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The smallest basic unit of matter is the
atom
72
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Which of the following is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons?
ion
73
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Atoms in molecules share pairs of electrons when they make
covalent bonds
74
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What gives water many properties that are important to living things?
hydrogen bonds
75
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Which of the following solutions has the highest H ion concentration?
a solution with a pH of 1
76
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What is unique about carbon?
bonding properties
77
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What is the definition of solvent?
the substance in which the solute dissolves
78
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The four main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and
proteins
79
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Both animal fats and plant oils are made up of glycerol and
fatty acids
80
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Substances are changed into different substances when bonds break and form during
chemical reactions
81
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Identify the products in the reaction
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2
82
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Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are called
endothermic
83
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The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by a
catalyst
84
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In enzyme function, the part when the substrates link with the enzyme, what is happening?
the enzyme is causing new bonds to form between the substrates
85
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Which aspect of a chemical reaction is affected by enzymes?
rate
86
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Which of the following is a major principle upon which cell theory is based?
all organisms are made of cells
87
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What kind of cell has a nucleus?
eukaryotic
88
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Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information?
nucleus
89
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Which phrase best describes the rough ER?
studded with ribosomes
90
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Which organelles supply energy to the cell?
mitochondria
91
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Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?
lysosomes
92
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Which organelles are unique to plant cells?
chloroplasts
93
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Which process occurs inside the chloroplasts?
photosynthesis
94
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What is the definition of intracellular receptor?
protein receptors located inside the cell rather than on its cell membrane
95
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A protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response is called a
receptor
96
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A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has
fewer solutes than the cell
97
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Transport proteins play a role in both
passive and active transport
98
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Which process requires no energy from the cell?
facilitated diffusion
99
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Which organelles are involved in the process called endocytosis?
vesicles
100
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Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell?
exocytosis