Ethnobotany lab exam

Carpel

basic female reproductive unit of a flower

3 parts of the carpel

stigma, style, ovary

gynoecium

a collection of carpels

androecium

collection of stamens

stamen

male reproductive unit of a flower

2 parts of the stamen

anther and filament

calyx

outermost flower organ, made up of sepals

sepal

protective covering before the flower blooms, usually green

corolla

collection of petals

perianth

the calyx and corolla

petals

support and attract pollinators

tepals

when sepals and petals are indistinguishable

complete flower

contains all 4 organs

4 organs of a complete flower

sepals, petals, stamens, carpels

incomplete flower

missing one or more flower organs

Perfect/bisexual flower

has both stamen and carpel

imperfect flower

has either no stamens or no carpels

when is a flowering plant considered monoecious?

when both sexes of flower appear on plant; either perfect flower or has one of each (male and female)

when is a flowering plant considered dioecious?

when a whole plant has only female flowers or only male flowers

identify 1

ovule

identify 2

ovary

identify 3

perianth

identify 4

petal/corolla

identify 5

sepal/calyx

identify 6

nectary

identify 7

pedicel

identify 8

articulation

identify 9

floral axis

identify 10

filament

identify 11

style

identify 12

stigma

identify 13

stamen

identify 14

microsporangium

identify 15

anther

identify 16

connective

what is the difference between a carpel and a pistil?

a pistil is made up of one or more carpels

connation

fusing of like flower parts

adnation

fusion of different flower parts

monocarpous gynoecium

when the gynoecium is only 1 carpel

apocarpous gynoecium

multiple distinct carpels make up the gynoecium

syncarpous gynoecium

when multiple connate carpels make up the gynoecium

what type of gynoecium is A?

monocarpous gynoecium

what type of gynoecium is B?

apocarpous gynoecium

what type of gynoecium is C?

syncarpous gynoecium

what are the 3 major insertion types?

hypogynous, perigynous, epigynous

superior ovary

when the ovary is above the attachment of the perianth, and not directly attached to the androecium

inferior ovary

when the ovary is below the attachment of other floral parts

hypanthium (floral cup)

structure derived by the adnation of the base of the calyx, corolla, and androecium

what insertion type is A?

hypogynous

what insertion type is B?

Perigynous

what insertion type is C?

Epigynous

what insertion type is D?

Epigynous, with conspicuous hypanthium

hypogynous

insertion type where sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the ovary

perigynous

insertion type where sepals, petals, and stamens are fused as a hypanthium below the ovary

epigynous

insertion type where sepals, petals, and stamens arise above the ovary, or from the hypanthium above the ovary

actinomorphic

when a flower has regular symmetry with 2 or more planes of symmetry

zygomorphic

a flower that has 1 plane of symmetry

asymmetrical

a flower with no planes of symmetry

radial symmetry

has 2 or more planes of symmetry

bilateral symmetry

has 1 plane of symmetry

floral formula

shorthands used to describe flower characteristics

how is symmetry indicated in a floral formula?

* for radial, X for bilateral, $ for asymmetrical

what is the basic format for floral formula

symmetry, # of sepals (K), # of petals (C), # of stamens (A), # of carpels (G)

what are the 4 letters in a floral formula

K, C, A, G

what does K indicate in a floral formula?

number of sepasl

what does C indicate in a floral formula?

number of petals

what does A indicate in a floral formula?

number of stamens

what does G indicate in a floral formula?

number of carpels

Describe the following flower: *, K6, C10, A8, G4

radial symmetry, 6 sepals, 10 petals, 8 stamens, 4 carpels

What does T indicate in floral formula

tepals

What is the floral formula for a flower with radial symmetry, 5 sepals, 5 petals, 7 stamens, and 2 fused carpels

*, K5, C5, A7, G2 (2 circled)

Describe the following flower: *, T6, A4, G1

radial symmetry, 6 tepals, 4 stamens, 1 carpel

What is the floral formula for a zygomorphic flower with 6 sepals, 2 petals, 4 stamens, and 1 carpel?

X, K6, C2, A4, G1

inflorescence

the way flowers are arranged on a plant

determinate inflorescence

the main axis ends in a (terminal) flower; lateral flowers may be present

indeterminate inflorescence

the main axis produces lateral flowers with no terminal flower

spike

flowers grow directly from stem (sessile); indeterminate

raceme

a single flower on each stem (pedicel) emerging from the stalk; indeterminate

cyme

a central axis with lateral branches with usually 3 flowers each; determinate

umbel

all flowers have pedicels originating from apex of the stalk/axis; determinate or indeterminate

corymb

flowers on the lowermost pedicels are elongated, so that all flowers are the same height; indeterminate

head

terminal cluster of flowers, usually on disc-like structure; determinate or indeterminate

panicle

raceme with 2 or more orders of branching; each axis bears flowers or more branches; indeterminate

identify 1

indeterminate

identify 2

determinate

identify 9

raceme

identify 10

panicle

identify 11

spike

identify 12

simple corymb

identify 13

complex corymb

identify 14

head

identify 15

simple umbel

identify 16

compound umbel

identify 17

simple cyme

identify 18

compound cyme

phyllotaxy

the different patterns that leaves can emerge from the stem

alternate leaves

grow singly from the stem

opposite leaves

grow in pairs opposite one another

whorled leaves

3 or more leaves growing from the same node

decussate leaves

type of opposite arrangement where leaves are attached at right angles to the adjacent pairs of leaves