Med Term Sem 2 Final

Kypho-

humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

Ortho-

straight

Costo-

ribs (true, false, and floating)

Lordo-

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

Osteo-

bone

Spondylo-

vertebra

Pub-

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

Clavicul-

clavicle (collar bone)

Tibio-

tibia (shin bone)

Calc-

calcium

Myelo-

bone marrow

Metacarp-

metacarpals ( hand bones)

Scolio-

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

Ilio-

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

Patell-

patella (kneecap)

Humero-

humerus (upper arm bone)

Maxill-

maxilla (upper jawbone)

Radio-

radius (forearm bone-thumb side)

Sterno-

sternum (breastbone)

Cranio-

cranium (skull)

Ewing Sarcoma

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

Exostosis

benign bone lesion growths of bone extending outwards from surface of a bone.

Bunion

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

Osteogenic sarcoma

Common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts

Rheumatoid arthritis

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

Lyme disease

Tick bacteria causing arthritis, malaise, myalgia

Osteoarthritis

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces

Gouty arthritis

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Herniation of an intervertebral disc

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

Carpal tunnel syndrome

a condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain, and disturbances of sensation in the hand and fingers

Systemic lupus erythematosus

autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks connective tissue throughout body such as in joints and skin

Ganglion

fluid-filled cyst arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand

Hematocrit

separation of blood so that the percentage of red blood cells in relation to the volume of a blood sample is measured

Coagulation time

blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot

Bleeding time

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

Platelet count

number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Apheresis

Separation of blood into its parts

WBC differential

percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood

Bone marrow biopsy

a diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test

RBC morphology

microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Autologous transplant

donor and recipient are the same person

Allogenic transplant

donor and recipient are different people

Blood transfusion

transfer of blood from one person to another

Hematopoesis

hemat/o/poiesis - formation of blood

Anemia

deficiency in numbers of red blood cells

Spherocytosis

abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally biconcave-shaped, red blood cells

Pernicious anemia

lack of mature erythrocytes due to inability to absorb vitamin B 12 into the bloodstream (gastric juice lacks a factor that helps absorb B 12)

Sickle cell anemia

abnormal shape (crescent shape of erthrocytes caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin (hereditary disorder)

Hemophilia

excessive bleeding caused by a hereditary lack of factor VIII or factor IX necessary for clotting

Multiple myeloma

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

Hemolytic anemia

anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells

Petechia

Tiny purple or flat red spots on skin as a result of small hemmorhages

Ecchymosis

Large blue or purplish patches on skin (bruises)

Pancytopenia

Deficiency of all blood cells

Polycythemia vera

general increase in numbers of red blood cells; erythremia

Arrhythmia

Without rhythm; an irregular beat of the heart

Flutter

Rapid, but regular contractions of the heart, usually of the atria

Coarctation of the aorta

Congenital anomaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed

Tetralogy of Fallot

Four separate defects of the heart occurring at birth

Bradycardia

Slow heartbeat

Fibrillation

Random, rapid, inefficient and irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles

Congestive heart failure

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

Ischemia

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.

Infarction

Area of dead tissue

Pulmonary artery stenosis

narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate

Patent ductus arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus, a small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at birth

Hypertrophy of right ventricle

myocardium works harder to pump blood through a narrowed pulmonary artery

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart)

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium (outermost layer of the heart)

Murmur

Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart

Unstable angina

chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself

Rheumatic heart disease

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

Aneurysm

Weakening of an arterial wall, which may lead to hemorrhage and cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Embolus

Blood clot that is carried by the bloodstream from one area of the body to another where it blocks a blood vessel

Bruit

An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or an organ

Angina

Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia

Patent

to open

Petechiae

Small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin

Cardiomegaly

Enlargement of the heart

Phlebitis

inflammation of the walls of a vein

Cyanosis

Abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin

ECHO

echocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

Record of the electricity within the heart

Stress test

Exercise tolerance test (ETT) is used to determine the heart's response to physical exertion

Auscultation

Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope

Angiography

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

CABG

Arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring need blood supply to the myocardium

ACE inhibitors

Drug that lowers blood pressure (antihypertensive)

Nitroglycerine

Drug used in the treatment of angina. It dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to heart muscle

Sclerotherapy

chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

Angio-

vessel

Athero-

fat

Brachio-

arm

Corona-

crown

Vaso-

vessel

Sphygmo-

pulse

Phlebo-

vein

Thrombo-

clot

Vasculo-

vessel