Anatomy Exam 2

Frontalis

Superficial to frontal bone

Occipitalis

Superficial to occipital bone

Epicranial Aponeurosis

Attaches frontalis and occipitalis

Temporalis

Superficial to temporal bone; aids in jaw movement

Orbicularis oculi

Encircles the eye; involved in squinting

Nasalis

Superficial to nasal bones; involved in scrunching of nose

Levator labii superioris

Extends from inferior orbicularis oculi to superior lips

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Extends from medial canthus past ala of nose to medial upper lip

Zygomaticus minor

Inferior to orbicularis oculi; extends oblique from medial lips to zygomatic bone

zygomaticus major

Inferior to zygomaticus minor; extends from lateral corner of lips to zygomatic bone

Risorius

Inferior to zygomaticus major; extends from lateral corner of lips to lateral superficial face

masseter

superficial to ramus of mandible

Origin of masseter Insertion Action

O: zygomatic arch I:Lateral surface of ramus A: elevates mandible, chewing

Buccinator

Deep to masseter; small portion extends anterior to masseter

Mentalis

Superficial to mental protuberance

Depressor labii inferioris

lateral to mentalis

Depressor anguli oris

lateral to depressor labii inferioris; frowning muscle

Platysma

superficial anterior neck muscle

Insertion of platysma Action

I: mandible and skin of cheek A: tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

Inferior to ears, travels down to middle of neck

Origin of sternocleidomastoid Insertion Action

O: clavicle and sternum I: Mastoid process A: neck flexion, rotate face

Trapezius

superficial posterior cervical region

Origin of trapezius Insertion Action

O: occipital bone I: clavicle and scapula Action: elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula; elevate clavicle; extend neck

Scalene Muscles -Anterior -Middle -posterior

Anterior: posterior to sternocleidomastoid Middle: Posterior to anterior scalene Posterior: posterior to middle scalene

Levator scapula

elevates scapula; posterior to posterior scalene

Splenius capitas

Posterior and superior to levator scapula; extend neck

Frontal bone

superior bone of the face

supraorbital foramen

superior to orbital cavity

nasal bone

inferior to frontal bone, make up the bridge of the nose

maxillary bone

superior to oris; made up of to bones; upper jaw

intermaxillary suture

deep to philtrum, 2 maxilla meet

infraorbital foramen

inferior to orbital

anterior nasal spine

small ridge of bone bordering the nose

alveolar process

holds teeth into jaw

mandible bone

jaw

coronoid process

anterior and superior part of the mandible

mandibular notch

posterior to coronoid process

mandibular condlye

posterior and superior part of the mandible

remus

inferior to notch

angle

inferior to remus; curved part; inferior and posterior

body

anterior to angle

mental foramen

hole in anterior mandible

mental protuberance

anterior mandible; part that sticks out

mandibular fossa

part of the temporal bone

vomer

inferior nasal septum; 1 bone

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

part of ethmoid bone; superior to nasal septum

nasal concha

lateral nasal cavity; can only view medial and inferior

frontal bone

superior boarder of the orbital complex

zygomatic bone

lateral boarder of the orbital complex

maxilla

inferior boarder of the orbital complex

palatine bone

superior to maxilla; inferior boarder of the orbital complex

lacrimal bone

medial boarder to orbital complex

lacrimal foramen

leads to nasolacrimal duct

sphenoid bone

posterior boarder of orbital complex

superior orbital fissure

oblique wide hole; cranial nerves run through here

inferior orbital fissure

oblique wide hole; inferior optic canal; medial to superior orbital fissure

foramen magnum

large hole; inferior occipital bone; spinal cord passes through here; (INFERIOR VIEW)

Basiocciptal

anterior foramen magnum; on the occipital bone (INFERIOR VIEW)

occipital condyle

lateral to foramen magnum; fight and left; articulate with the spine (INFERIOR VIEW)

choana

anterior to basioccipital; holes that lead to nasal cavity (INFERIOR VIEW)

palatine bone

makes up the posterior part of the hard pallets that are anterior to choana (INFERIOR VIEW)

greater palatine foramen

holes on the lateral side of the palatine bone (INFERIOR VIEW)

less palatine formaen

inferior to greater palatine foramen (INFERIOR VIEW)

incisive foramen

anterior to palatine bone; located on the palatine process of the maxilla (INFERIOR VIEW)

palatine process of the maxilla

anterior to palatine bone (INFERIOR VIEW)

foramen lacerum

lateral to basioccipital bone(INFERIOR VIEW)

foramen ovale

lateral and anterior to foramen lacerum (INFERIOR VIEW)

carotid canal

lateral and posterior to foramen lacerum (INFERIOR VIEW)

jugular foramen

posterior and lateral to carotid canal; pathway for jugular vein and cranial nerves (INFERIOR VIEW)

stylomastoid process

between styloid process and mastoid process; located on the temporal bone (INFERIOR VIEW)

hypoglossal canal

superior to occipital condyles (INFERIOR VIEW)

condyloid foramen

posterior to occipital condyles (INFERIOR VIEW)

foramen magnum

located in occipital bone; spine passes through here (CRANIAL VIEW)

clivus

anterior to foramen magnum; part of the occipital bone (CRANIAL VIEW)

sella turcica

anterior to clivus; located on the sphenoid bone (CRANIAL VIEW)

dorsum sella

posterior part of sella turcica (CRANIAL VIEW)

hypophyseal fossa

the middle dip of the sella turcica; holds hypophysis (CRANIAL VIEW)

tuberculum sellae

anterior part of sella turcica (CRANIAL VIEW)

cribriform plate

contains “tiny holes” called the olfactory formina; part of the ethmoid bone and surrounds the crista galli (CRANIAL VIEW)

crista galli

center of cribiform plate; meninges attaches here; part of the ethmoid bone (CRANIAL VIEW)

petrous portion of temporal bone

inner ear structures are located inside; lateral to clivus (CRANIAL VIEW)

foramen lacerum

lateral to dorsum sella; found between sphenoid and temporal bone (CRANIAL VIEW)

foramen ovale

anterior and lateral to foramen lacerum; found on sphenoid bone (CRANIAL VIEW)

foramen rotundum

round hole; anterior to foramen ovale; found on sphenoid bone; (CRANIAL VIEW)

foramen spinosum

posterior to foramen ovale; found on sphenoid bone; (CRANIAL VIEW)

internal acoustic meatus

medial internal temporal bone; pathway for vestibulocholear nerve; (CRANIAL VIEW)

jugular foramen

posterior and inferior to internal acoustic meatus (CRANIAL VIEW)

coronal suture

separates frontal bone with parietal bone

sagittal suture

divides the parietal bones

lambdoid suture

separates parietal bones from the occipital bone

squamous suture

separates parietal bone from the temporal bone

sphenosquamosal suture

separates the sphenoid bone and the temporal bone

deciduous teeth

children have this kind of teeth; they fall out

incisors

teeth in the very front of the mout; 4

cuspids

posterior and lateral to incisors; 2

bicuspids

“premolars”; posterior and lateral to cuspids; 4

molars

posterior to bicuspids; 6 total including wisdom teeth

anterior fontanelle

between coronal and sagittal suture; soft spot of a baby

posterior fontanelle

between sagittal and lambdoid suture; found on baby

infahyoid muscles; sternohyoid and omohyoid

inferior to hyoid bone