ms3 respiratory disorder

Used primarily in the treatment of SLEEP APNEA

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

segments positions

upper= 1,2,3

lingula= 4

middle lobe= 5

lower= 6, 7, 8 and 9, 10

MOST COMMON complication for tonsillectomy:

hemorrhage

Most common cause

Bacterial Pneumonia

Atypical Pneumonia

walking pneumonia

sepsis to the blood and go other to the organs

miliary tb

most common in the lungs

mycobacterium tuberculosis

induration of size result in tb test is considered positive

15 mm

most accurate test for tb

sputum test

common agents used in respiratory illness

ASBAE-AAML= antihistamines, steroids, bronchodilators, adrenergic drugs, expectorants, antitussives, antimicrobials, mast cells stabilizers, luekotriene modifiers

used to diagnose bacterial infection in the nose and throat

Throat swabs and cultures

This is a minimal invasive procedure

Pulmonary Angiography

who perform Pulmonary Angiography

interventional radiologist and interventional cardiologist

3 fold is important

stop bleeding cessation, aspiration precaution, treat the underlying cause

also known as Rhinorrhea

rhinitis

less than 10 days, longer than 10 days, comes back multiple times (tonsilitis)

acute, chronic, recurrent

Standard treatment for recurrent tonsillectomy

tonsillectomy

most comfortable position

prone with head turned side

could promote vasoconstriction and decrease the risk of bleeding.

ice

lower left lung lobe; has solidification, has fluid or pus

lobar pnuemonia

german pathologist who discovered TB bacillipositive agent in your TB

robert koch

bone particularly in the spine

pott's disease

most common by the humans spread to the airborne

mycobacterium africanum

from milk

mycobacterium bovis

fat embolism

sa buto

first symptom of pulmonary embolism

dyspnea

Small emboli can be resolved within how many days?

10-14

Upper respiratory tract

NNPTV= Nose, Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, Throat (pharynx), Voicebox (larynx)

Entrance of air and exit

anterior nares

supports the nose and its facial structure

nasal bones & cartilages

Mucus secretions are moved

Cilia

Divided into three passageway

nasal conchae

warms the air that we breath and humidifies the air

turbinate bones

supports the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity

nasal conchae

administration of oxygen

2-3 liters per minute

Throat divided into 3 regions

NOL= Nose, Oral, Laryngeal

Management for acute tonsillopharyngitis

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Inside the larynx

EGTCAV= Epiglottis, Glottis, Thyroid cartilage, Cricoid cartilage, Arytenoid cartilage, Vocal cords

largest of the cartilage structure, forms part of the Adam's Apple

thyroid cartilage

ONLY complete cartilaginous ring in the larynx

cricoid cartilage

used in vocal cord movement

arytenoid cartilage

ligaments controlled by muscular movements producing sound.

vocal cords

Lower respiratory tract

TLPMLBA= trachea, Lungs, Pleura, Mediastinum, Lobes, Brochi & Bronchioles, Alveoli

Increase fluid

Hydrothorax & Pleural Effusion

provides the force that moves air into the lungs

atmospheric pressure (negative pressure)

Types of alveolar epithelial cells

type 1- pneumocytes, type 2-clara cells

Most abundant, thin & flat where gas exchange occurs.

type 1- pneumocytes

Secreted the lung surfactant this is the specific liquid

type 2-clara cells

Just a macrophage ingesting foreign material and acts as an important defense mechanism.

type 3- pneumocytes

Functions of respiratory system

GASVECOP= gas exchange, alveoli, sound protection, ventilation, external respiration, cellular respiration, olfactory assistance, protection

exchange through ventilation, external respiration, and cellular respiration

gas exchange

exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere

ventilation

inhalation and exhalation of oxygen and CO2

external respiration

where cells use the oxygen to break down sugar and obtain energy

cellular respiration

tiny air sac found in the lungs

alveoli

movement of air

breathing

sense of smell

olfactory assistance

decreased oxygen in blood

cyanosis

coughing out of blood

hemoptysis

vomiting with blood

hematemesis

Physical Examination (Inspection)

BFPLK= barrel chest, funnel chest, pigeon chest, lordotic, kyphosis

occurs as a result of overinflation of the lungs

barrel chest

Depression in sternum, pushes the heart to the side

Funnel chest (pectus excavatum)

is a condition that affects bone development in children

rickets

It causes bone pain, poor growth, and soft weak bones that usually cause bone deformities

osteomalacia

Occurs as a result of the anterior displacement of the sternum

pigeon chest (pectus caritanum)

characterized by the elevation of the scapula and corresponding S-shaped spine

kyphoscoliosis

Chest examination

IPAPERA= inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

equal lung sounds during inspiration to expiration periods

bronchovesicular

I/E are both loud

tracheal

rustling/swishing sound, higher pitch on inspiration, fades on expiration

vesicular

Normal ICP

0-15

normal breathing at 14- 20 BPM

eupnea

slower than rate, 10 bpm with normal depth

bradypnea

shallow irregular breathing

hypoventilation

increase depth of respiration

hyperpnea

period of cessation of breathing time

apnea

regular cycle where the rate and depth of breathing increase the decrease until apnea (usually about 20 Seconds)

cheyne-strokes

(3-4 breaths) followed by a varying period of apnea (usually 10- 60Seconds)

biot's respiration

is a non-invasive test that shows how well the lungs are working.

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

usual method used to check lung/ air volume, tidal volume

Spirometry

used to measure residual volume

Lung volume test/body plethysmography

measures how oxygen and other gases move from the lungs to the bloodstream

gas diffusion test

this test looks at how exercise affects lung function

exercise stress test

s a first-line standard test used to assess the arterial blood supply of the hand.

allen test

who are going to conduct abg

respiratory therapist/MD

vein in allen test

radial and ulnar

equipment in abg

heparinized syringe needle and container with ice

if pH is normal

fully compensated

if all three (3) values are abnormal.

partially compensated

if PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal and the other is

uncompensated

To increase the accuracy, this test is sometimes done _ times, often _ days in a row

3 times, 3 days

special container for sputum

sputum cup

Imaging studies

CCMFPL= Chest x-ray, ct scan, MRI, Fluoroscopic studies, pulmonary angiography, lung scans

Increased creatinine

Cannot undergo test

Ano ang sinusuot sa imaging studies

lead apron

elavated bun & creatinine

nephrotoxic

ginagamit sa Patients with pulmonary embolism

CT pulmonary angiogram

This is a minimal invasive procedure

pulmonary angigraphy

direct inspection and examination of larynx, trachea, and bronchi

bronchoscopy