BIO 1407 exam 1 -LAB

'Genetic Drift' is one type of mechanism that can cause evolutionary change.

Which of the following applies to the 'genetic drift' mechanism?

Tends to more drastically affect small populations.
Is a random/chance event that can cause unpredictable changes in the allele frequency.
Can be caused by a founder effect.
Can be caused by a bottleneck event.

Identify this SHAPE

bacillus

identify this GROUPING

strepto

identify this STRUCTURE

daughter colonies

which SUPERGROUP does this protist belong to?

amorphea

which SUPERGROUP does this protist belong to?

archaeplastida

Which of the following best explains the current classification of Protists?

Protists classification is ever-changing as scientists discover new genomic data that groups Protists within giant clades rather than a Kingdom.

A flagellated parasitic protist, Trypanosoma, that causes "Chagas disease" is classified into which of the following Clades?

discoba

Match each protist clade with an organism that belongs to the clade.
Discoba

Trypanosoma

Match each protist clade with an organism that belongs to the clade.
Amorphea

Amoeba proteus

Match each protist clade with an organism that belongs to the clade.
Archaeplastida

Volvox

Match each protist clade with an organism that belongs to the clade.
SAR

Paramecium

These "lobe-like" structures extending off of this protist are called ________; and helps the protist _____________.

pseudopodia; helps the protist move around and can assist in feeding

Identify the group of fungi this belongs to based on the features observed below such as the hyphae and sporangium displayed in this photo.

A common example of this fungi is bread molds.

Zygomycota

Identify the group of fungi this belongs to based on the photo.
This group includes mushroom-producing fungi, shelf fungi, puffballs, and others.

Basidiomycota

This mushroom represents what structure of the fungus?

basidiocarp

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow that will produce spores through a type of sexual reproduction

zygosporangium

What type of reproduction does this demonstrate?

sexual reproduction

What type of reproduction does this represent for the fungus?

Note: this shows ONE fungus that will reproduce spores on its own.

Asexual

What is the function of this round-like structure on this fungus?

to produce spores asexually through mitosis

What fungal group does this belong to?

Asomycota

Which of the following roles do fungi have?

decomposers, medicinal properties, food and drink, bread, pathogens of both plants and animals

A zygote is a diploid cell that divides through _____ to create the adult form of the organism.

Mitosis

Some adult cells will divide through ____ to produce cells called gametes.

Meiosis

The chromosome pairs found within a diploid cell are called ______ meaning they carry genes that code for the
same characters.

HOMOLOGS

_____ is based on differential success in survival and reproduction.

SELECTION

______ is the change in the genetic composition of a population from one
generation to the next.

EVOLUTION

Darwin noticed that fit individuals (that is ones that reproduce the most) produce more offspring because their traits are better adapted for survival and reproduction than the traits of their competitors

Natural selection

____ is a process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. (random and in small populations)

GENETIC DRIFT

group?

Zygomycota

can be caused by natural disasters/overhunting

Bottlenecks

small # of individuals found a new area

Founder Effect

identify this SHAPE

coccus (cocci)

identify this SHAPE

spirillum

______ MOVE USING CILIA, WHICH MAY COVER THE ENTIRE CELL SURFACE OR MAY BE ARRANGED IN ROWS OR TUFTS.

Ciliates

_____ produces haploid spores that are identical to parent

Sporangia

Spores produced in ____

sporangium

Sexual - the fusion of hyphae of two different
haploid fungi to form diploid

zygosporangia

#1

pseudopodia

#2

nucleus

#1

zygosporangium

#2

sporangium

#3

hyphae

#1

Asci

#2

ascocarp

#3

spores

#1

Flagella

#2

Undulating membrane

Mode of reproduction?

Asexual binary fission

Mode of reproduction?

sexual conjugation

protist?

Paramecium

protist?

Amoeba

protist?

Spirogyra

protist?

Euglena

Group?

SAR

what is this PROkaryotic cell? (Cyanobacterium)

anabaena

what is this PROkaryotic cell? (Cyanobacteria)

nostoc

what is this PROkaryotic cell? (Cyanobacteria)

oscillatoria

what is this PROkaryotic cell? (Cyanobacteria)

gloeocapsa

Name this organism

Trypanosoma

#1

Free Flagellum

#2

undulating membrane

#3

nucleus

memorize

-

name this organism

Amoeba proteus

#1

pseudopodia

#2

nucleus

#1

Flagellum

#2

Nucleus

#3

Undulating membrane

#1

macronucleus

#2

Cilia

name this ORGANISM

Paramecium

name this ORGANISM

Volvox

Structure?

daughter colonies

Where can members of the Domain Archaea be found?  Check all that apply.

Acidic environments

Hot environments

Low oxygen environments

Salty environments

Acidic environments

Hot environments

Low oxygen environments

Salty environments

If you are examining an unknown cell through the microscope, how you would recognize that it is a prokaryote and not a eukaryote? Check all that apply.

Smaller size

Multiple chromosomes

Flagella move in a rotary motion

Circular chromosome

Smaller size

Flagella move in a rotary motion

Circular chromosome

Prokaryotes are divided into the Domain Archaea and the Domain ___________________.

Bacteria

Which can provide energy for heterotrophic bacteria?  Check all that apply.

Chicken broth

Blood

Sunlight

Yogurt

Chicken broth

Blood

Yogurt

Which of these human diseases are caused by bacteria?  Check all that apply.

Herpes

Anthrax

Dental cavities

AIDS

Gonorrhea

Lyme disease

Anthrax

Dental cavities

Gonorrhea

Lyme disease

Please arrange these events in Gram staining into the correct order.

1. crystal violet is applied

2. gram’s iodine is applied

3. alcohol wash is applied

4. safranin (red dye) is applied

What will immediately distinguish these eukaryotes from prokaryotes? Check all that apply.

Eukaryotes have nuclei.

Eukaryotes have rod-shaped chromosomes.

Eukaryotes do not have cell walls.

Eukaryotes have compartmentalized interiors.

Eukaryotic flagella move in an undulating motion.

Eukaryotes have nuclei.

Eukaryotes have rod-shaped chromosomes.

Eukaryotes have compartmentalized interiors.

Eukaryotic flagella move in an undulating motion.

Which represent major groupings of protists?  Check all that apply.

Amoeba

Slime molds

Algae

Diatoms

Protozoa

Slime molds

Algae

Protozoa

Which are characteristics of protists?  Check all that apply.

Most are unicellular.

They are eukaryotes.

There are multicellular forms.

They include autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Most are unicellular.

They are eukaryotes.

There are multicellular forms.

They include autotrophs and heterotrophs.

If you are given an unknown culture of algae, which features would you look at to determine which major group of algae is present?  Check all that apply.

Cell wall

Multicellular reproductive structures

Pigments

Energy storage products

Cell wall

Pigments

Energy storage products

The __________ is a light-sensing structure located near the flagella of Chlamydomonas.

stigma

What makes a Volvox colony different from a multicellular animal?  Check all that apply.

Volvox cells are autotrophic.

Volvox cells are specialized in terms of function.

Volvox cells can synchronize flagellar movement.

Volvox cells are members of a colony.

Volvox cells are autotrophic.

Volvox cells are members of a colony.

Which are characteristics of dinoflagellates? Check all that apply.

They may produce light.

Population explosions can produce levels of toxin lethal to fish.

They are significant producers (autotrophs).

They can be multicellular.

They can be symbionts of corals.

They may produce light.

Population explosions can produce levels of toxin lethal to fish.

They are significant producers (autotrophs).

They can be symbionts of corals.

SUPERGROUP AMOEBOZOA

Amoebas

Slime molds

SUPERGROUP RHIZARIA

Shelled amoebas

SUPERGROUP EXCAVATA

Trypanosoma

Contains cause of Chagas’ Disease

Contains cause Sleeping Sickness

SUPERGROUP CHROMALVEOLATA

Paramecium

Vorticella

Plasmodium

Contains cause of malaria

Why are slime molds not categorized as fungi?  Check all that apply.

Slime molds have unique unicellular shapes.

Slime molds can be phagocytic.

Slime molds lack the basic structures, known as hyphae, of fungi.

Slime molds lack nuclei.

The cell wall composition is different.

Slime molds have unique unicellular shapes.

Slime molds can be phagocytic.

Slime molds lack the basic structures, known as hyphae, of fungi.

The cell wall composition is different.

Which are the benefits that fungi provide? Check all that apply.

Antibiotic production

Source of nutrients

Recycling of nutrients

Role as producers in the ecosystem

Antibiotic production

Source of nutrients

Recycling of nutrients

Some fungi are beneficial and others are harmful. Which of the following are ways in which fungi cause harm?  Check all that apply.

Fungi can contribute to food spoilage.

Fungi can ruin crops.

Some fungi are extremely poisonous.

Fungi can cause disease.

Fungi can contribute to food spoilage.

Fungi can ruin crops.

Some fungi are extremely poisonous.

Fungi can cause disease.

A mass of hyphae is known as a _________.

mycelium

Absorptive heterotrophs that feed on dead organic matter are also known as ______.

Saprotrophs

Which are modes of asexual reproduction in fungi?  Check all that apply.

Plasmogamy

Budding

Fragmentation

Meiotic production of spores

Mitotic production of spores

Budding

Fragmentation

Mitotic production of spores

Which are commonly found in lichens? Check all that apply.

Fungi

Plants

Algae

Archaebacteria

Cyanobacteria

Fungi

Algae

Cyanobacteria

You have received a lab assignment in which you must identify a fungus that is undergoing plasmogamy.  You believe that you have found such a fungus.  You can support this finding by noting that in the fungus you are observing, you have noted that (check all that apply)

two diploid cells fuse.

two haploid cells fuse.

one diploid nucleus is present in the resulting cell.

two haploid nuclei are present in the resulting cell.

two haploid cells fuse.

two haploid nuclei are present in the resulting cell.