Chapter 2

abdomino

abdomen

adipo

fat

antero

front

cervico

neck (body/uterus)

chondro

cartilage

chromo

color

coccygo

coccyx

cranio

skull

cyto

cell

disto

far, distant

dorso

back portion of body

histo

tissue

ilio

ilium (upper hip bone)

inguino

groin

karyo

nucleus

laryngo

larynx

latero

side

lumbo

lower back

medio

middle

nucleo

nucleus

pelvi

pelvis

pharyngo

pharynx

postero

back, behind

proximo

nearest

sacro

sacrum

sarco

flesh

spino

spinal, backbone

thelo, thelio

nipple

thoraco

chest

tracheo

trachea, windpipe

umbilico

navel, umbilicus

ventro

belly side of body

vertebro

vertebrae

viscero

internal organs

ana-

up

cata-

down

epi-

above

hypo-

below

inter-

between

meta-

change

intra-

within

-al

pertaining to

-eal

pertaining to

-ectomy

excision

-iac

pertaining to

-ior

pertaining to

-ism

process, condition

-oma

tumor, mass, swelling

-ose

pertaining to, full of

-plasm

formation

-somes

body

-tomy

process of cutting, incision

-type

picture, classification

abdomen

space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder and intestines

abdominal cavity

space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder and intestines

adipose

pertaining to fat

anabolism

process of building up proteins in cells

anterior

pertaining to the front portion of the body; ventral

cartilage

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints (articular cartilage)

catabolism

cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances; energy released to do cell work

cell membrane

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

cephalic

pertaining to the head

cervical

pertaining to neck of body or neck like lower portion of uterus

chondroma

benign tumor of cartilage

chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor of cartilage

chromosome

rod-shaped structures in nucleus of cell, contains genetic material (DNA)

coccygeal

pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone)

coccyx

tailbone

cranial cavity

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

craniotomy

incision of the skull

cytoplasm

outside nucleus yet inside cell membrane

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

diaphragm

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

disc

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

dorsal

pertaining to the back; posterior

endoplasmic reticulum

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell, site of protein synthesis

epigastric region

middle upper abdominopelvic region (above stomach)

epinephrine

hormone secreted by adrenal gland in response to stress and physical injury; adrenaline

epithelial cells

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

frontal plane

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions, coronal plane

genes

regions of DNA w/in each chromosome

histology

study of tissues

hypochondriac regions

right and left upper abdominopelvic regions (beneath the ribs)

hypogastric region

middle lower abdominopelvic region (below umbilical region)

iliac

pertaining to the ilium (right/left upper most portion of the hip bone)

inferior

below another structure; lower potion of body

inguinal regions

right and left lower abdominopelvic regions (near the groin)

intervertebral

pertaining to between the vertebrae

intravenous

pertaining to within a vein

karyotype

A picture of all the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx, or voice box

larynx

The voice box; located in the top part of the trachea, underneath the epiglottis.

lateral

pertaining to the side

lumbar regions

left and right middle abdominopelvic regions near waist

lumbar spine

pertaining to lower back

lumbosacral

pertaining to the lumbar regions (loin) and the sacral regions of back

medial

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

mediastinum

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs in thoracic cavity

metabolism

total of the chemical processes in a cell