Hon Anc Ren - High Middle Ages Test

When did the revival of learning begin in the 2nd half of the Middle Ages?

1000-1500 AD

What caused the revival of learning?

Trade increased and growth of towns and villages

List the 4 universities

Bologna, Italy

Oxford

Salerno

Paris

What did university curriculum include?

Grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy

What were examinations like?

No written exams, oral exams with a committee of teachers

What subjects offered Doctoral degrees?

Law, medicine, and theology

What is theology?

The study of religion and God

What other subjects were taught during the middle ages?

Scholaticism, alchemy, and astrology

Scholaticism

harmonize Christian teachings with Greek philosophy

Alchemy

magical “formula” to turn base substances into gold

Astrology

study of stars to predict future

Who was England originally settled by?

The Celts

Who conquered England in 43 AD?

The Romans during the rule of the Emperor Claudius

Who invaded England?

Barbarians (angles, jutes, and saxons)

How many kingdoms did the Angles set up?

7

What did this land become known as?

Angleland

Who was Alfred the Great?

King of Wessex

Defended Angleland from Dorish viking invasions

United all 7 kingdoms under his rule

Becomes 1st King of England

Why did the vikings invade England?

Wealth

Ethelred II (the Unready)

Ordered the killing of Danes in the Kingdom of England (St. Brice’s Day Massacre)

When was the first university established?

1088 AD

Who was fighting in the Hundred Years War?

France vs. England

England - Hundred Years War

4\.5 million people

Parliament (Limited monarchy)

France - Hundred Years War

20 million people

richest and largest

absolute monarchy

ran in part by an Estates General

When did the Hundred Years War begin?

1337 \`

When did the Hundred Years War end?

1453

How long did the Hundred Years War last?

116 years

What started the Hundred Years War?

Edward III claimed the land

English want to reconquer Normandy

French want to take Flanders

What battles did the English win in the Hundred Years War?

Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt

Who allied themselves with England in the Hundred Years War?

Burgundy

What weapon advantage did the English have in the Hundred Years War?

Longbows

What advantages did the longbow have?

6 ft long, 200-400 yards of range, shot 10-12 arrows per minute, came from the Yew Tree

What saying came from the Hundred Years War?

“Pluck the Yew”

When was the Treaty of Troyes drawn up?

1420

What was the Treaty of Troyes?

French King Charles VI agreed that Henry V would rule as dual monarch upon his death

What was the problem with the Treaty of Troyes?

The next king of France did not agree with this

What is a dauphin?

The French word for “prince”

What is Reims?

City in Paris where Kings were crowned

Who controlled Reims at the time of the Hundred Years War?

The English

What was the turning point in the Hundred Years War?

Battle of Orleans

Who led the Battle of Orleans?

Joan of Arc

What happened at the battle of Orleans?

Joan of Arc led a French brigade against the English controlled fortress and the French won

What happened in 1492?

Joan of Arc leads Dauphin Charles to Reims to be crowned Charles VII

Joan is captured by the Burgundians and sold to the English

What event occurred on May 23rd, 1430?

Joan of Arc is burned at the stake

Compiegne

What was Joan of Arc accused of?

Heresy

What was the only port city English had control of after the Hundred Years War?

Calais in 1558

Who won the Hundred Years War?

The French

What was the Christian Reconquest?

Move more Muslims out of Europe

Where did the Christian Reconquest take place?

Spain (Iberia)

How long did the Christian reconquest last?

500 years

What were the crusades?

Battles fought in an attempt to get the Holy Land from the Muslims

What was the Holy Land

Jerusalem

How long did the Crusades last?

167 years

Who was fighting in the Crusades?

Christians vs. Muslims

When did the Crusades begin?

Nov 7th, 1095

What did Pope Urban II do?

Called on all nobles of the Christian world to take up their swords and occupy the Holy Land and take it away from the Muslims

Where did the Council of Clermont take place?

France

What was the Council of Clermont?

A meeting between the Pope and high nobles

What was the Crusader slogan?

“Dieu Le Volt” (God Wills It)

Why did the crusaders go?

Duty to God, adventure, establish safe pilgrimage to the Holy Land

Who led the Peasants Crusade?

Peter the Hermit

Result of the Peasant Crusade?

Disaster

When did the first crusade occur?

1095 - 1099 AD

What were the 4 Christian States established in the Holy land?

Edessa, Anitoch, Tripoli, Jerusalem

When did the Second Crusade occur?

1147 - 1149 AD

What started the Second Crusade?

Edessa fell to the Muslims

Who won the Battle of Hattin?

The Muslims won, led by Sultan Saladin, and they defeated King Guy’s army

When did the Third Crusade occur?

1189 - 1192 AD

Why did the Third Crusade begin?

Other Christian city states fell to Muslims

When did the Fourth Crusade occur?

1202 - 1204 AD

What happened during the Fourth Crusade?

The Christians took over Constantinople

How many total Crusades were there?

8

What happened in 1291 AD?

All lands in the Holy land belonged to Muslims

Which Crusade is considered the only successful Crusade?

The first

What were the major results of the Crusades?

Increased trade, new technology, new knowledge, new cities, loss of papal prestige

When did the War of the Roses occur?

1455 - 1485 AD

What was the War of the Roses?

English civil war fought over the struggle for the English crown

What families were involved in the Hundred Years War?

Lancaster and York family

What was the Lancaster family emblem/badge?

A red rose

What was the York family emblem/badge?

A white rose

What started the War of the Roses?

Henry VI of the Lancaster family was unpopular from his failure in the Hundred Years War

he was declared insane (1453-1454)

Who did the court name Henry VI’s Lord Protector?

Richard Duke of York (Henry VI’s cousin)

What is a Lord Protector?

A position that ruled in absence of the king

When was the Battle of St. Albans?

1455

What was the cause of the Battle of St. Albans?

Henry VI recovered from illness and removed Richard from power

Who was the winner of the Battle of St. Albans?

The York family

What was the result of the Battle of St. Albans?

Henry VI remains king (imprisoned) but Richard is named as heir

When was the Battle of Wakefield?

1460 AD

What was the cause of the Battle of Wakefield?

Queen Margaret (wife of Henry VI) was upset because her son (Edward of Westminster) was disinherited

Who was the winner of the Battle of Wakefield?

The Lancaster family

What was the result of the Battle of Wakefield?

Richard Duke of York is killed

When did the 2nd Battle of St. Albans occur?

1461 AD

What was the cause of the 2nd Battle of St. Albans?

Edward Earl of March (son of Richard Duke of York) assumes his father’s claim to the English throne

Who won the 2nd Battle of St. Albans?

The Lancaster family

What was the result of the 2nd Battle of St. Albans?

Henry VI is rescued and returns to power

When did the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross occur?

1461 AD

Who won the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross?

The York family

What was the result of the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross?

Henry VI is imprisoned again, Edward Earl of March proclaims himself King Edward IV

What was King Edward IV’s reign?

1461-1470 and 1471-1483 AD

What happened in 1470-1471 ?

King Edward IV’s brother George deserted Edward and allied with Margaret to defeat Edward (King Henry VI back again)

When did the Battle of Barnet and Tewskbury occur?

1471 AD