env exam1

env. bio is

focused on understanding and resolving environmental problems humans have created

how many people are expected by 2025

8 billion

fertility rate per women

2\.1 babies across planet

how many tons of co2 per person in less developed countries

3 per person

how many tons of co2 per person in developed countries

11 per person

how many planets are needed to meet current global footprint

1\.7 planets

major themes

human pop is exponential growth

food spread is uneven

biodiversity and conservation

energy move away from ff

pollution env. health

water resources

how to lower fertility rates especially in underdeveloped countries

educate females

stage 1 pragmatic resource conservation/ Utilitarian conservation

use natural resources for human benefit

Utilitarian conservation people

theodore roosevelt and gifford pinchoff

theodore roosevelt and gifford pinchoff did what in stage 1?

established national forrests and parks and wildlife refuges

and game laws

stage 2 ethical and aestetic concerns

moral side of conservation

people concerned with ethical and aesthetic

john muir and aldo leopold

john muir

and

aldo leopold did what

j-biocentric preservation (we are nature)

\
a-sand country almanac

stage 3 modern env. movement

pollution influenced modern env movement

modern people

rachel carson and bill mckibben

rachel carson

and

bill mckibben

r-silent springs (book abt health and pollution)

\
b-350.org (public awareness of climate change)

stage 4 global environmentalism

env. quality and social progress

\

global people

van jones

and

wangar maathi

v-povery tied to env. progress

\
w-kenya greenbelt movement 30 million trees planted

people who need to be the ones leading change

young people, poc, indiginous leaders

ways to increase awareness of env. issues

social media

what is the core concept of environmentalism

sustainable development

what is the meaning of sustainable development

meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet thier needs

abt 1/6 of the worlds population lives in countries where the avg. per capita income is

741,000 per year

5/6 live in

middle/low income

3 sustainable development concepts

ecosystem services

shared resources and services

indigenous people protecting biodiversity

first way to manage commons

effective and inexpensive monitoring of resources

2nd way to manage commons

ability to exclude those who do not follow the rules

3rd way to manage commons

frequent f-2-f communication and strong social movements

things everybody should have access to

env. services

safe and healthy env

faith in stewardship of env.

env racism

inequitable distrubution of env. hazards based on races

toxic zipcodes

zipcodes with toxic wastes facilities that happen to be in lowincome areas

science

process for producing knowledge

that requires precise observations of NATURAL events

depends on accuracy and reproduceability

basic principles of science

empiricism

uniformisn

parsimony

uncertainty

repeatability

proof is elusive

scientificc method

identify question

form hypothesis

collect data

interpret results

peer review

publish

deductive reasoning

reasoning from general to specific

gravitiy works an apple will fall from a tree

inductive reasoning

many observation that lead to a general rule

birds move from place to place

scientific theoryq

descirption or explanation that has been supported by a large # of tests and is considered reliable

scientific consensus

general agreement among informed scholars

pardigram shifts

great changes in consensus due to new evidence

lies sold by industries

tobaco

fossil fuel

climate change exists

chemical/pesticide

\
smoking doesn’t cause cancer

climate change is not causes by co2

solution is clean coal

don’t cause health issues

available productive land

1\.8GHA

avg global footprint

2\.7ha

avg us citizen footprint

7\.2ha

avg low income countries

2ha

how many planets would we need if everyone was using the us avg

4 planets

kyle lybarger

prarie restoration

Julia hill

redwood deforestation

griff

conservation, redwood, includes natives in research

project kamp

sustainable housing

kiss the ground

regenerative agricullture/soil health

matter

everything that has mass and takes up space

4 states of matter

solid/liquid/gas/plasma

conservation of matter

the idea that matter cannot be destroyed but is simply converted

matter consists of elements, elements are

simplest forms of substances

how many elements

122

what percent do OCHNSP make up of living organisms

96%

atomic number

protons

atomic mass

protons and neutrons

isotopes

same protons different neutrons

compound

combining different elements h2o

molecule

combining same element 02

ionic bond

steall electron very weak

covalent bond

share elec strong

properties of water

water is polar

liquid at life sustainable temperature

cohesive

expands as crystilizes

high heat of vap

high specific heat

polar

dissolves substances, and carries materials

liquid at temp

life evolved to live when water is at liquid temperature

cohesive

capillary action ground water is pulled into leaves of trees

expands

ice freezes solid/floats

high heat of vap

shad heat when we sweat

high specific heat

absorbs lots of energy before temp goes up

acid on ph

1-6

base on ph

8-14

neutral on ph

7

how much is one change on ph

log10 which is 10x the previous

ph

concentration of h+ions

four major categories of o. compounds

carbs

lipids

protiens

nucleic acid

organic compounds

carbon rings/chains

changing shape of protien

denature

what denatures

temp and ph

enzyme

speed up chamical processes in body

energy

ability to work

kinetic energy

energy of activity

potential energy

stored energy

chemical energy

bonds within organic molecules

first law of thermodynamics

energy is not created or destroyed its transferred/changed

second law of thermodynamics

changinf energy is not effieceint its lost as hea

solar energy

is essential for warmth and photosynthesis

photo makes

o2 and sugar

photo needs

light water and co2

photo captures energy whil respiration

releases it

energy rule

10% rule

hydrologic cycle

movement of water through earth

carbon cycle

movement of carbon often turned into carbonic acid that is not good for env.

nitrogen cycle

limiting nutrient needed for a ton of things like plants, but to much is bad

phosphorus cycle

in everything one way of flow, no atmospheric way to regenerate, only in rocks

policy

set of rules and regulation

what influences policy

money and public opinion

basic principles of env. policy

human needs

ecosystmes health

sustainability

topdown

gov officials create policy