Image Production and Evaluation (IPE)

It requires skills in performance. It also requires study of natural phenomena.

a. Radiography

b. Radiology

c. Radiologic Technology

d. NOTA

a. Radiography

Technical competencies include:

I. Selection of certain inappropriate accessories

II. Correct exposure factors

III. Terminology in evaluating radiographs IV. Operation of Control Panel

a. I and II only

b. I, II and III only

c. II, III, and IV

d. AOTA

c. II, III, and IV

Radiologic Technologists can work outside the radiology department. These include

a. Emergency Room, Housekeeping area b. Intensive Care Units, Central Room Supply

c. Emergency unit, Operating Room

d. NOTA

c. Emergency unit, Operating Room

A radiograph of flower is best imaged using

a. Small focal spot

b. Large Focal Spot

c. Panchromatic Film

d. Highly Sensitive Film

a. Small focal spot

It is the primary solution for eliminating voluntary motion.

a. Proper instructions

b. Minimized time of exposure

c. Restraining the patient

d. AOTA

a. Proper instructions

Characteristics of a radiograph must not include

I. Adequate exposure factors

II. Sufficient radiographic density and contrast

III. Properly positioned anatomy and physiology

IV. Appropriate sizes of field

a. I and III only

b. III only

c. II and III only

d. I, II and IV only

b. III only

What is the recommended height of a safelight when measured from the loading bench?

a. 3 ft

b. 4 ft

c. 5 ft

d. 6ft

b. 4 ft

It is the recommended floor size of a darkroom for small clinics and school x-ray laboratory.

a. 8x6 ft

b. 8x8 ft

c. 16x9 ft

d. 15x15 ft

b. 8x8 ft

What color is used to paint the walls of the darkroom so as to reflect safelight illumination?

a. Black color

b. Purple color

c. Blue color

d. Ivory color

d. Ivory color

One statement is TRUE regarding darkroom.

a. The processing tanks must be stainless steel to prevent it from corrosion.

b. It is best to leave the processing room with opened bottles to add further density to film.

c. The walls must be painted with black color to absorb light from red safelight.

d. NOTA

a. The processing tanks must be stainless steel to prevent it from corrosion.

If a darkroom wall must be radiation-proof, what is the recommended layer of shielding used?

a. 1.5 mm Al

b. 1.5 cm Pb

c. 2.5 mm Pd

d. 1.5 mm Pb

d. 1.5 mm Pb

Which of the following is considered violation of proper practice inside the darkroom?

a. Cleaning the cassettes with mild soap and water

b. Sliding the film into the IS rather than placing it over the screen.

c. Holding the x-ray films on the corner during handling.

d. Usage of cotton clothing rather than polyester.

b. Sliding the film into the IS rather than placing it over the screen.

A radiographic darkroom must be strategically located near in which of the following room?

I. Near the exposure room

II. Near the viewing room

III. Near the rest room

a. I only

b. II only

c. I and II only

d. AOTA

c. I and II only

Which of the following best describes ideal storage condition/s for x-ray film?

a. Protected from radiation, fumes outdating

b. 50-70-degree Fahrenheit, 40-60% heat c. Both A and B

d. NOTA

c. Both A and B

What is the proper humidity level to be maintained inside the darkroom?

a. 20-40%

b. 25-40%

c. 40-70%

d. 30-60%

c. 30-60%

Quick access into the darkroom is offered by

a. Maze

b. Lightlock

c. Single door

d. Revolving

d. Revolving

Easy to clean and durable wall is the characteristics of

a. Pastel Color Wall

b. Matte Wall

c. Epoxy

d. Enamel

c. Epoxy

pH stands for

a. Power of Helium

b. Power of Hydrogen

c. Power of Philippines

d. Hydrogen Powe

b. Power of Hydrogen

Darkroom Environment must be checked

a. Daily

b. Quarterly

c. Weekly

d. Monthly

a. Daily

if the safelight made in Tungsten is used for 12/7 hours/day, it would offer

a. 2 years usage

b. 1 year usage

c. 6 months usage

d. Light

1 year usage

It is the device used to measure humidity.

a. Hygrometer

b. Psychrometer

c. Thermometer

d. Pulse Oximeter

b. Psychrometer

How many years an original radiograph is stored?

a. 3-5

b. 4-6

c. 1-2

d. 2-3

a. 3-5

Radiography begins in the darkroom and end in

a. Exposure room

b. Reading room

c. Viewing room

d. Darkroom again

d. Darkroom again

Prevents/protects film from exposure to white light and ionizing radiation during handling and processing

a. Darkroom

b. Safelight

c. Film Cover

d. IS

a. Darkroom

Exposed film is less sensitive compare to unexposed film.

a. True

b. False

c. Sometimes True, Sometimes False

d. NOTA

False (latent image is more sensitive)

What is the allowed background radiation for the darkroom?

a. 7 mR/hr

b. 0.7 mR/hr

c. 0.07 mR/hr

d. 7 mR/min

a. 7 mR/hr

Archival quality of film is

a. 5-7 years

b. 2 years

c. 3-4 years

a. 5-7 years

X-ray film is packaged in a foil bag to protect from

a. Excessive humidity

b. Excessive heat

c. Radiation fog

Excessive humidity

It increased the sensitivity of the film when its exposed

a. Hydrolysis

b. Latensification

c. Heliumesis

b. Latensification

Which statement is CORRECT?

a. Manifest image is composed of silver halide

b. Manifest image is composed of metallic silver crystals

c. Blue dye is added to the base of film

Manifest image is composed of metallic silver crystals

Medium that converts x-ray beam into visible image.

a. Image Receptor

b. Image Plate

c. Image Intensifier

Image Receptor

Thickness of film base

a. 150-300 m

b. 200 µm

c. 150-330 µm

c. 150-330 µm

Mils of radiographic film base

a. 7 mils

b. 12 mils

c. 4 mils

a. 7 mils

Ability of film base not to be easily torn

a. High Tensile Strength

b. Flexibility

c. Dimensional Stability

a. High Tensile Strength

Provides mechanical support for silver halide crystals

a. Gelatin

b. Emulsion

c. Supercoat

a. Gelatin

Considered "the heart" of radiographic film

a. Base

b. Emulsion

c. Substratum Layer

b. Emulsion

Disadvantage of duplitized film

a. Film Speed

b. Parallax Effect

c. Blue dye

b. Parallax Effect

Atomic number of Bromine

a. 47

b. 35

c. 53

b. 35

One statement is TRUE regarding Konica Brand.

a. Blue Tint

b. Safety Film

c. 45 sec processing

c. 45 sec processing

Film base during World War I

a. Cellulose Nitrate

b. Glass Plates

c. Safety Film

b. Glass Plates

Polyester is the product of

a. Ethylene Glucose and Bimethyl Tereftalate

b. Ethylene Glycol and Dimethyl Terephtalate

c. Dimethyl Glycol and Ethylene Acid

Ethylene Glycol and Dimethyl Terephtalate

Non-screen film is sensitive to

a. 1% x-ray

b. 90-99 % x-ray

c. 90-99% light

b. 90-99 % x-ray

OSHA requires Radtech to wear face mask during processing

a. To protect the film

b. Fumes are carcinogenic

c. Exposed film is more sensitive to saliva

b. Fumes are carcinogenic

FIFO means

a. Fly-in, Fly-out

b. First in,First Out

c. For Interspace, False Overhead

b. First in,First Out

Maximum storage of film

a. Less than 1 year if 50 degrees F is attained

b. 30-45 days at 21 degrees celcius

c. 6 months

b. 30-45 days at 21 degrees celcius (70 F)

Temperature in the darkroom is too high

a. Static increases

b. Fog level increases

c. No change

b. Fog level increases

Considered positive density marks on film

a. Finger print marks

b. Static Artifacts

c. Both

b. Static Artifacts

Relative sensitivity of film to a given amount of radiation

a. Latitude

b. Film Speed

c. Par Speed

b. Film Speed

Silver halide crystal lattice contains

a. Photon

b. Ions

c. Molecules

b. Ions

Base and fog densities reduce

a. Contrast

b. Density

c. Exposure Latitude and Errors

a. Contrast

Useful Optical Density range

a. 0.25-2.5

b. 0.5-1.5

c. 1.02

a. 0.25-2.5

Film-contrast is related to the

a. Slope of straight-line portion of curve

b. Overall curve of a graph

c. NOTA

a. Slope of straight-line portion of curve

Toe gradient is probably more important than average gradient for general radiography

a. True

b. False

a. True

Photofluographic film has another term

a. Tagarno Film

b. Cine Film

c. Abreugraphic

c. Abreugraphic

Gloves to be used in processing the film.

a. Nitrile

b. Surgical

c. Cotton

a. Nitrile

Latent image is invisible due to few silver ions have been changed to metallic silver and deposited at

a. Sensitivity Center

b. Overcoat

c. Crystal Lattice

a. Sensitivity Center

Required electrons for latent image formation.

a. 4-10

b. 2-3

c. 1-5

a. 4-10

First automatic processor was introduced in 1942 by

a. PAKO

b. Konika

c. Eastman Kodak

a. PAKO

This swells the emulsion to permit subsequent chemical penetration.

a. Wetting

b. Developing

c. Fixing

a. Wetting

Manual developing has an approximate time of

a. 22 s

b. 5 mins

c. 15 mins

b. 5 mins

Removes remaining silver halide from emulsion and hardens gelatin.

a. Fixing

b. Hardening

c. Developing

a. Fixing

Redox reaction that produces an electron.

a. Oxidation

b. Reduction

c. Inhalation

a. Oxidation

Redox reaction that uses an electron.

a. Reduction

b. Oxidation

c. Inhalation

a. Reduction

This is added in the developer to control oxidation of developing agent by air.

a. Preservative

b. Restrainer

c. Hardener

a. Preservative

Refers to the permanence of the radiograph.

a. Dimensional Stability

b. Archival Quality

c. High Tensile Strength

a. Dimensional Stability

To process radiographs, one must maintain rigid control of

a. Temperature

b. Humidity

c. Environmental Moisture

a. Temperature

The function of this system is to provide continuous mixing of chemicals.

a. Replenishment

b. Recirculation

c. Transport

b. Recirculation

What developing agent helps to provide upper scale density?

a. Phenidone

b. Hydroquinone

c. Metol

b. Hydroquinone

What agent is the activator in the developer or a source of alkali?

a. Sulfite

b. Hydroxide

c. Benzothiosole

b. Hydroxide

When sodium sulphite is used as an x-ray processing chemical, it is

a. Preservative

b. Restrainer

c. Buffering Agent

a. Preservative

Which of the following can cause oxidation of the developer diminishing its chemistry?

a. Exhaustion

b. Rapid oxidation

c. Slow reduction

a. Exhaustion

Sodium Hydroxide has a pH value of

a. 4.5-5.6

b. 9.6-10.6

c. 6.5-7.0

b. 9.6-10.6

The principal purpose of circular system is to

a. Keep solution's strength

b. Agitate the chemistry

c. Film assistance

b. Agitate the chemistry

Double capacity can process a film

a. 180 s

b. 60 s

c. 30 s

a. 180 s

Most of latent image on film is formed by

a. Exit rays striking film's emulsion

b. Light from IS phosphors produced in response to exit rays

c. Cosmic Rays

Light from IS phosphors produced in response to exit rays

Proper method of mixing concentrated film processing solutions

a. Add concentrated chemicals to water

b. Concentrated chemicals must be diluted before adding water

c. Add water to concentrated chemicals

Add concentrated chemicals to water

The pH environment required for proper development of exposed film is

a. Acetic

b. Alkaline

c. Exhausted

b. Alkaline

As kilovoltage increases, radiation absorbed by patient will decrease.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Radiation produced as a result of Compton interaction.

a. Scatter

b. Primary

c. Remnant

a. Scatter

Which of the following best describes mA?

a. Influences focal-spot blooming

b. Affects scatter production

c. Current flow through anode filament

Influences focal-spot blooming

This chemical neutralizes developer solution remaining in the wet solution

a. Acetic Acid

b. Ammonia Thiosulfate

c. Sodium sulfite

b. Ammonia Thiosulfate

When fixer solution entered developing tank, it will cause

a. Light films

b. Fogged films

c. Greasy films

b. Fogged films

If the developer temp is set at 90 degrees Fahrenheit, the water wash temp should be set at

a. 85 degrees F

b. 95 degrees F

c. 70 degrees F

a. 85 degrees F

In Mitchell Theory, silver is the first one to be trapped.

a. True

b. False

a. True

In Gurney-Mott Theory, electron is the first one to be trapped.

a. True

b. False

a. True

"Extended Processing" has a duration of

a. 3 mins

b. 5 mins

c. 10 mins

a. 3 mins

In automatic process, the duration of stop bath is

a. 0

b. 22 s

c. 26 s

a. 0

This degrades image quality and must be controlled by radiographers.

a. Chemical Activity

b. Secondary Radiation

c. Structure Mottle

b. Secondary Radiation

Range of anode heel

a. 8-20 degrees

b. 7-15 degrees

c. 17-25 degrees

a. 8-20 degrees

Which of the following terms refers to light reflecting from one intensifying screen through the film to the opposite emulsion and screen?

A. Reflectance

B. Cross over

C. Scatter

D. Filtration

B. Cross over

What is the other term for step wedge?

A. Densitometer

B. Sensitometer

C. Ammeter

D. Penetrometer

D. Penetrometer

Underexposure of a radiograph can be used by all of the following except:

A. Insufficient mA

B. Insufficient exposure time

C. Insufficient kVp

D. Insufficient FFD

D. Insufficient FFD

The reduction of energy of the x-ray photon as it passes through material is termed as:

A. Absorption

B. Scattering

C. Attenuation

D. Divergence

C. Attenuation

The cassette front may be made of which of the following materials?

1. Bakelite

2. Magnesium

3. Lead

A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1,2 and 3

B. 1 and 2 only

The image present on the film emulsion after exposure and before processing is called:

A. Manifest image

B. Latent image

C. Visible image

D. Laser image

B. Latent image

Misalignment of the tube-part film relationship results in:

A. Shape distortion

B. Size distortion

C. Magnification

D. Penumbra

A. Shape distortion

What developing agent controls the shoulder of the characteristic curve?

A. Hydroquinone

B. Metol

C. Phenidone

D. Glutaraldehyde

A. Hydroquinone

Doubling mA factor will result to:

A. Doubling the contrast

B. Reduce density into half

C. Reduce contrast into half

D. Doubling the density

D. Doubling the density

Unexposed and processed film will have a density of about

A. Zero

B. 0.1

C. 1.0

D. 2.5

B. 0.1

Which of the following materials can be used as interspace material?

1. Lead

2. Plastic

3. Aluminum

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 only

D. 1,2 and 3

B. 2 and 3 only