Quiz 1 Content

Sectional Anatomy

Arteries move blood _____ form the heart

-away

Artery walls are composed of how many layers?

-3 layers

What’s the outermost layer of an artery?

-tunica adventitia

What’s the middle layer of an artery?

-tunica media

What’s the innermost layer of an artery?

-tunica intima

What is the aortic hiatus?

-opening in diaphragm for aorta to pass

What level is the aortic hiatus at?

-T12

The aorta becomes more _____ as it travels distally

-anterior

The aorta bifurcates at ____

-L4

True/False the aorta is retroperitoneal?

-true

What are the 8 major branches of the aorta?

1.     Celiac axis

2.     Adrenal suprarenal

3.     SMA

4.     Renal

5.     Gonadal

6.     IMA

7.     Median sacral

8.     Common iliac

What is the most superior major branch of the aorta?

-celiac axis

Approximately how long is the celiac axis?

-1cm

The celiac axis is on the _____ aspect of the aorta

-anterior

What are the 3 branches of the celiac axis?

1.     Common hepatic artery

2.     Splenic artery

3.     Left gastric artery  

The common hepatic artery splits into ____ and ______.

-hepatic artery proper

-gastroduodenal

The splenic artery travels ____ along the ____ aspect of the pancreas.

-left

-superior

The splenic artery travels ____ along the ____ aspect of the pancreas.

-left

-superior

The left gastric artery travels along the ______ curvature of the stomach.

-lesser

The suprarenal arteries arise from the ____ aspect of the aorta.

-lateral

The suprarenal arteries originate between the levels of the ____ and the ______.

-celiac axis

-SMA

True/False the suprarenal arteries are identified with ultrasound.

-false the suprarenal arteries are not seen

The SMA is the 2^nd _____ branch of the aorta.

-anterior

The SMA courses _____ then hooks ______.

-anterior

-inferior

The SMA supplies the ______, ________, and the ________.

-small intestine

-ascending colon

-right and mid transverse colon

The renal arteries are paired and branch off the ____ aspect of the aorta.

-lateral

The renal arteries branch _____ to the level of the SMA.

-inferior

We can best view the renal arteries in the ______ plane sonographically.   

-transverse

The ____ renal artery is slightly inferior because of the _______.

-right

-liver

The _____ renal artery usually passes ______ to the SMA in transverse plane.

-left

-posterior

Which renal artery is longer?

-right

The renal arteries run _____ to the veins.

-posterior

The gonadal arteries are paired and originate from the ____ aspect of the aorta.

-anterior

The gonadal arteries are _____ to the renal arteries.

-inferior

The gonadal arteries are also referred to as the _____ or _______ arteries.

-testicular/ovarian

Are the gonadal arteries usually seen in ultrasound?

-no, the gonadal arteries are not usually seen

The inferior mesenteric artery branches _______ at the level of ____ just above the belly button. 

-anteriorly

-L3

The IMA has an ______ and _______ path.

-inferior

-leftward

The IMA supplies the _________, ____________, ___________, and _______.

-left transverse colon

-descending colon

-sigmoid colon

-rectum

The lumbar arteries arise from ______ and _____ aspects of the aorta.

-lateral

-posterior

There are _____ sets of paired lumbar arteries.

-4-5

Are lumbar arteries seen on ultrasound?

-no, lumbars not seen

The lumbar arteries supply the ______.

-lumbar spine

The most inferior branch of the aorta is the _______.

-median sacral artery

The MSA supplies the ______.

-sacrum

Is the MSA seen on ultrasound?

-no the IMA is not seen

The aorta bifurcates into the left and right ________ at the level of L4.

-common iliac arteries

The CIAs travel ______ and ______.

-down

-laterally

The Common Iliac Arteries sit ______ to the Common Iliac Veins.

-anterior

The CIAs eventually branch into the ____ and ______ iliac arteries.

-internal

-external

Veins move blood ______ the heart.

-toward

Veins have ______ pressure than arteries.

-lower

Vein have more ________ walls than arteries.

-collapsible

Larger veins are formed by?

-the union of smaller veins

The IVC is formed by the union of the _____ at the level of _____.

-common iliac veins

-L5

The IVC pierces the diaphragm at _____ to enter thorax.

-T8

The proximal/superior IVC is more _____ than the aorta.

-anterior

The distal/inferior IVC is more _____ than the aorta.

-posterior

True/false the IVC is retroperitoneal.

-true the IVC is retro

What are identifiable components of the aorta?

-bright walls

-pulsatile

-spine to orientate

What are identifiable components of the IVC?

-size varies

-compressible

-direct contact with liver

What are the IVC’s tributaries?

-common iliac veins

-lumbar veins

-right gonadal vein

-right and left renal veins

-right suprarenal vein

-hepatic veins

The internal and external veins unite at what level?

-SI joint

The CIVs are ______ to the CIAs and the ureters.

-posterior

There are 4-5 pairs of lumbar veins. They enter the _____ walls of the IVC and CIVs.

-lateral

Are the lumbar veins seen sonographically?

-no lumbar veins are not seen

True/false both gonadal veins drain into the anterior IVC.

-false, left drains into the left renal vein because of the aorta’s position. Right one drains into the anterior IVC below renal vein.

The right renal vein drains into the ________.

-lateral IVC

The renal veins sit ______ to the renal arteries.

-anterior

What’s the acronym for the position of the renal arteries, veins and ureters from anterior to posterior?

-vaginas are ugly

Why is the right renal vein shorter than the left?

-b/c IVC is on the right side of body therefore less distance to travel.

Why is the right renal vein slightly more inferior than the left renal vein on IVC?

-liver

The left renal vein is ______ to the SMA but it is _____ to aorta under the hook.

-posterior

-anterior

The left gonadal and suprarenal veins drain into the ______?

-LRV

Are the suprarenal veins seen on ultrasound?

-no the suprarenal arteries are not seen

How many hepatic veins are there?

-3 right, middle, left

The hepatic veins drain into the IVC just _____ to the diaphragm.

-inferior

True/false the hepatic veins drain into the IVC superior to the celiac axis on aorta.

-true

Define Gross Anatomy

-anatomy visualized without the aid of magnification

-loaf of bread

Define Microscopic Anatomy

-the study of cells and tissues with a microscope

Define Sectional Anatomy

-study of regions of the body in sections

-slices of bread

What is the focus on in sectional anatomy?

-the anatomical relationships of structures

-slice of bread

Ultrasounds are used to interpret anatomical structures in _____ dimensions

-3

Another term for coronal plane when straight down the middle is _________.

-midaxillary

The sagittal plane cuts the body into ______ and ______ sections.

-right

-left

The _____ plane cuts the body into superior and inferior sections.

-transverse/short/axial

The _____ plane cuts the body into anterior and posterior sections.

-coronal/frontal

A term for a sagittal plane that creates equal sections of the body is _________.

-midsagittal

A term for a sagittal plane that creates unequal sections of the body is ________.

-parasagittal

A ________ plane runs parallel to the long axis of a structure but is not necessarily a sagittal plane on the body.

-longitudinal

An _________ plane is at an angle between the sagittal and/or transverse and/or coronal planes.

-oblique

The ________ refers to the location from which an ultrasound transducer makes its scan.

-acoustic window

Why are oblique scans often used in ultrasound?

-to demonstrate the natural lie of the organs

When scanning a patient who is supine in a sagittal plane, where is the indicator pointed? What direction is on the left hand of the monitor? What direction is on the bottom of the monitor?

-superior

-superior

-posterior

When scanning a patient who is prone in a transverse plane, where is the indicator pointed? What direction is on the left hand of the screen? What direction is on the top of the screen?

-towards the sonographer

-left

-posterior

How do you determine what direction the top part of the screen is?

-whatever aspect of the body the transducer is touching

What are 2 terms that also mean superior?

-cranial  

-cephalic

What’s another term for inferior?

-caudal

Ipsilateral refers to structures __________.

-on the same side

Contralateral refers to structures _______.

-on the opposite side