History Revision for End of Year 9 Exam

List 3 ways in which the Modern Map different to the 14th century one

1. There were fewer but bigger countries because of Empires
2. There were more Empires but different countries have split up as we’ve gone on
3. There were different country names

Give 3 similarities and 3 differences between the Modern Day and 14th Century map

Similarities:


1. Iceland is the same
2. Portugal hasn’t changed
3. Italy has the same ‘boot’ shape

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Differences:


1. Greece is one large country now
2. Italy wasn’t a united nation
3. Russia wasn’t a country- it was a lot of smaller countries

What is an Empire?

A group of countries controlled by one single ruler, one single monarch (it doesn’t have to be a king or queen) or one single country.

What are 2 synonyms of an Empire?

Kingdom and Realm

What is an example of an Empire?

The British Empire- it controlled roughly 1/3 of the world’s land mass, a lot of Africa and a lot of Asia.

Give 2 facts about war in the 14th century

1. War looks brutal, violent, chaotic and less advanced
2. 2 different armies are fighting against each other

What does the Coat of Arms tell us about the Ottoman Empire?

* Islamic symbols
* Turkish flag
* Guns and weapons could symbolise fighting

Where is Constantinople?

Constantinople is an ancient city in modern-day Turkey that’s now known as Istanbul.

What is a Beylik?

A territory under the jurisdiction of a Bey (tribe/area leader).

What is another term for Sultan?

King, Caesar and ruler.

Give 2 facts about the Ottoman Empire

* It expanded to cover a lot of land over 300 years
* From 1882 onwards it kind of lost most of its land- the empire started to fall/decrease or decline

What years did the Ottoman Empire start to grow?

1683, 1520, 1789, 1566, 1451 and 1359

What years did the Ottoman Empire start to dissolve?

1793, 1880’s and 1798

What countries did the Ottomans control through its reign?

* Turkey
* Greece
* Bulgaria
* Egypt
* Hungary
* Macedonia
* Romania
* Jordan
* Palestine
* Lebanon
* Syria
* Some of Arabia
* A considerable amount of the North African coastal strip

What is a Golden Time?

A period of time that saw happiness, peace, harmony and stability.

When did the Ottoman Empire see their Golden Time?

From 1520-1560 under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent and his grandson.

When was the beginning of the Peak of the Ottoman Empire?

1520

When did Selim 1st die?

September 1520

What was the impact of the rule of Selim 1st?

His reign (1512-1520) had caused the Ottoman empire to increase its expansion by 70%.

Give 3 facts about the golden age of the Ottoman Empire

* Suleiman becomes the new Sultan following his Fathers death (was the heir to the title)
* He became Sultan at 26
* He had great aspirations for the kingdom and wanted to continue his father’s work

Give 3 ways bazaars can be portrayed

1. There’s a mosque looking building which makes the area seem Muslim
2. People are talking amongst themselves which portrays community cohesion
3. There are no weapons so it looks calm

What could have changed in the world between 1683 and 1914?

* There could have been a change in human behaviour
* There could have been an expansion in the British Empire
* There are more independent countries

What are 4 reasons for the Decline of the Ottoman Empire?

1. Economic Difficulty
2. Conflict within the Empire
3. Conflict outside of the Empire
4. Political Reforms

What are 3 things this flag suggests about the Mughal Empire?

1. Lion = power because it’s the ‘king of the jungle’ and kings have the most power.
2. Sunrise in the background, perhaps, suggesting a rise in power.
3. We have gold to show wealth and fortune

When was the Mughal Empire founded?

1526

Where was the Mughal Empire founded?

Uzbekistan

What year did the Mughal Empire dissolve?

1857

How long did the Mughal Empire exist for?

331 years

What was the dominant religion of the Mughal Empire?

Islam/Hinduism

Who is a notable figure of the Mughal Empire?

Babur

What is a fun fact about the Mughal Empire?

They spoke Persian

What are 3 similarities between the Ottoman and Mughal Empire?

1. Islam was a dominant religion in both of them
2. They were both founded in Asia
3. They both lasted for, roughly, 3 centuries

What are 3 difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empire?

1. Location
2. The Ottoman Empire was more focused on trade and arts
3. The Ottoman Empire was more powerful when it came to politics

What makes Akbar a better leader than Aurangzeb?

* Aurangzeb was an extremist- Hindus suffered humiliation under his rule
* Aurangzeb reinforced the rule of non-Muslims having to pay tax

What are the 6 reasons the Mughal Empire came to an end?

1. Weak Successors
2. Aurangzeb’s Religious persecution of the Hindus
3. Economic Bankruptcy
4. Invasions
5. Size of Empire
6. Demoralisation of the Mughal Army

What does the word ‘native’ mean?

A person born somewhere and belongs to something.

How did the early people arrive in America?

People travelled by boat to North America some 30,000 years ago.

How do I write a level 5 essay answer?

Include 4 explained points of support (3:1 or 2:2) and include a clinching argument for 20 marks.

What types of sources could we use to learn about the Native Americans?

* Photographs
* Drawings
* Artefacts
* Spoken history

What does a buffalo jump suggest about Native American life?

* They’re brave and resourceful
* They used the landscape to their advantage
* Teamwork was used in hunting

What does a meeting of war leaders suggest about Native American life?

* They were discussing important things
* They were probably discussing other tribes and if they’re attacking them
* This tells us their lives were violent

What does bird and animal spirits carved on a wooden pole tell us about Native American life?

* Some of them were really artistic and could build some brilliant designs
* They didn’t believe in only one God

What does a Tipi belonging to a Chief tell us about Native American life?

* It tell us that some nations migrated
* This means that tribes were nomadic so had no permanent home

What does a painting made of vegetable dyes and deerskin tell us about Native American life?

* Maybe girls got married earlier hence the celebration of puberty
* This could be a tradition passed on from ancestors telling us that they have ancestors

What does a picture of a sun spirit tell us about Native American life?

* The Native Americans may have believed that this is a God
* They believe more in the power of spirits
* They have good imaginations as they’ve never, physically, seen this

What does a buffalo diagram tell us about Native American life?

* It shows that they’re resourceful
* It shows that they don’t like wasting anything

How could the environment impact the ways of the lives of Native Americans?

* In the Arctic landscapes, they couldn’t plant or farm so they had to adapt to actually survive.
* They had to make clothes that kept them warm in these northern areas.
* In the Southeast they had to build with soil because they didn’t have any rocks there to use.

Define ‘sedentary’

They had a permanent home and didn’t move around. That would be when you stayed in a city in largely in one place.

Define ‘nomadic’

Nations that moved around. That is when the invention of the tipi comes into place as tipis were like tents that could have been picked up and moved around.

What was Columbus famous for?

Discovering America

Who made the journey possible?

Isobel and Fernando- the Spanish royals.

What day did ‘Land Ahoy!’ get shouted?

12th October 1942

Where did Columbus think they had arrived?

India

What did Columbus bring back to Spain?

Unknown products in Europe like potatoes, corn, tomatoes and cacao.

What did he bring back to the people of America?

Food and animals they hadn’t even heard of like onions, horses, sheep and pigs.

Why did Columbus write about what the Natives had brought him and why was it important?

It shows that they were really kind and accepting towards him, initially.

Would the natives have ‘willingly’ traded everything they owned?

No because Columbus might have threatened them to give him things.

What happened with the sword?

The natives took it and cut themselves with it out of ignorance.

What quote could make Christopher Columbus seem negative?

“They would make fine servants… with fifty men we could subjugate them and make them do whatever we want.”

What are 3 things the image suggests about Conquistadors?

1. They’re colonists because they’re in groups with land around them
2. They’re wearing armour and holding weapons which suggests they’re about to fight soon
3. They seem dangerous because they’re well-equipped and carrying spears

What is a Conquistador?

A person who takes over and controls the land.

What are 3 synonyms of Conquistador?

1. Capturer
2. Conqueror
3. Defeater

What are 3 antonyms of Conquistador?

1. Defeated
2. Victims
3. Liberator

What might both groups be saying to or thinking about each other?

* They might be wondering what each other is wearing
* They might be making an agreement
* They might think the other people are/sound weird
* The Native Americans might have welcomed the Europeans to their land

What structure do we use to analyse sources?

Inference

Context

Provenance

Unity

What is a colony?

A group of settlers living in another country.

What are the 3 reasons Queen Elizabeth would be interested in the New World?

1. New land to expand
2. Gold
3. Was worried that Spain was becoming too powerful because they were building a strong, Catholic empire that would have threatened England

Why is tobacco significant to the setting up of the first colonies?

It’s addictive so would generate money- it’s also rare and expensive.

What does this image suggest about the difficulties faced by the firsts colonists?

1. The confined space might have made it difficult for them to move around
2. The fort being wooden makes it flammable which is a challenge
3. The boat suggests that they went fishing and it’s challenging to develop that skill

What is the impact (consequence) of establishing the first colonies?

* More companies being set up meaning more money for Britain
* Slaves preventing British people from working and paying for people to work, themselves
* A lot of people being there improved living conditions

British colonisation of America was entirely the result of the desire for wealth is true because…

* After Virginia was colonised they used a lot of land for tobacco
* They wanted resources but got them from plantations, slavery and prisoners who were forced to work

British colonisation of America was entirely the result of the desire for wealth is false because…

* They wanted to establish power in the country
* They were trying to compete with the Catholic Spain

Give 4 ways the British colonised America

1. Use of People
2. The Virginia Company
3. Tobacco
4. Walter Raleigh/Sir Francis Drake

Why did the British colonise America?

1. Spain became more powerful
2. Money
3. Land/expansion
4. To get access to more resources

What is history?

History is the study of significant events that have happened in the past.

Give 2 synonyms of history

1. The past
2. Evolution

Give 2 antonyms of history

1. The future
2. The present

What is a historian?

It’s a person who studies past events or might be an expert in documenting past events.

Why could Margaret Macmillan think History is dangerous?

Someone might write a story about someone that might not be true so pass on wrong information.

Why do our views of the past change over time?

Different opinions of celebrities and different interpretations of the past are some reasons our views of the past change over time.

Define ‘historiography’

The investigation of writings of history and written history.

What was the British Empire like in the 1890s?

It was at its height.

What was the British Empire like in the 1970s?

The last of Britain’s colonies became independent.

What was the British Empire like in the 2010s?

It had been party rehabilitated.

The East India Company is…

an English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India.

The East India Company helped to take over India because…

it helped Robert Clive to become Bengal’s governer and begin collecting taxes which were used to buy Indian goods to export to England.

Why is India described as ‘the jewel in the crown’ of the British Empire?

Because of its location, resources and population, out of which they could earn huge amounts of revenue.

Why would Britain not want to let India rule itself?

They’d lose out on resources and land so they’d lose power.

Why did Gandhi want to use non-violent actions?

To prove that he doesn’t want to fight and that he wants what he wants just because he thinks it’s right. He wanted to highlight the aggression of the British to prove its stupidity.

Why did Gandhi not like the Salt Act?

It’s a really basic quality that people had to pay an expensive amount of money for it even though it grew in India so should be cheaper for the Indian people.

What was Gandhi’s response to the Salt Act?

He protested that salt was a basic ingredient that people used every day so it shouldn’t be expensive. He organised the Salt March where he marched from his homeland in Northern India to the coast. He picked people up on the way and there was a big crowd. He squeezed a lot of muddy water to create a symbolic act.

How was the Salt March a turning point in the Independence Campaign?

It made the British government take the independence of India seriously.

How did people react to the Salt March?

60,000 people (including Gandhi) got arrested over the course of the march.

Which event was the most important for the Indian independence movement and why?

The massacre was the most important movement for the Indian independence because it scared the Indian people into working for the British and maintaining their respect.

What is decolonisation?

Leaving a colony to gain independence.

What are 3 synonyms of decolonisation?

1. Freedom
2. Liberate
3. Independence

What are 3 antonyms of decolonisation?

1. Take over
2. Repatriation
3. Segregation

Which countries left the British Empires due to conflict?

Egypt, Cyprus and Palestine

Summarise why the British Empire ended

Different countries wanted independence after the World War so colonies began breaking relationships. The origin of the Empire was also Britain having lots of money so once the money supply ended the Empire had no choice but to end.

What was the experience of Muslims and Hindus when the partition occured?

Families were broke, people got on top of trains to leave and people were getting traumatised from others getting shot.