UTS FINAL

The Filipino Hospitality

• Filipinos welcome their guests and tourists as if their own brothers and sisters

• They always make their guest feel at home, offering them something to eat, or even a place to stay.

Respect for Elders

• Filipinos greet their elders by kissing their hand while saying “Mano po!”and constantly using “po” and “opo” in conversations.

• Forgetting to address older people properly will regard them as rude or impolite.

Close Family Ties

• Filipinos maintain a tight relationship with their families regardless if the children are old enough and already have families of their own.

Cheerful Personality

• Filipinos have a habit of smiling and laughing a lot.

• They smile when they are happy, or sometimes even when they are sad or angry.

Self-Sacrifice

• Filipinos go out of their way to extend help to their friends, families, and loved ones.

• OFWs sacrifice a lot; that is why they are regarded as the modern day Filipino heroes.

Bayanihan

• The spirit of communal unity and cooperation of Filipinos.

• Giving without expecting something in return.

• Filipinos are always ready to share and help their friends and loved ones who are in need.

Bahala Na Attitude

is the Filipino version of the famous line “Hakuna Matata” meaning no worries. • Originated from “Bathala na”, where Bathala means God, and the phrase meaning leaving everything into God’s hands.

Colonial Mentality

Regarded as the lack of patriotism and the attitude where Filipinos favor foreign products more than their own.

Mañana Habit

• Filipino term for procrastination.

• Derived from a longer Filipino phrase called “Mamaya na” • It is a poor habit of laziness that results in heavier workloads.

Ningas Kugon

Refers to the attitude of eagerly starting things but quickly losing eagerness soon after experiencing difficulty, just like how fast the fire of a cogon grass burns out moments after being ignited.

Pride

Most Filipinos hold on to their ____as if they are more precious than keeping a good relationship with their family and loved ones.

Crab Mentality

A toxic trait among Filipinos where one resents the achievement of another, instead of feeling happy foe that person.

Filipino Time

Filipinos have this common attitude of arriving late at commitments, dinner or parties especially if they are meeting someone close to them.

Proverbs or Salawikain

Filipino proverbs are unwritten knowledge passed down from generation to generation and typically contain advice from our ancestors.

Superstitions

There are probably hundreds of ____________ beliefs or pamahiin that exist in our culture. While most of them were passed on from generation to generation, some exist because they are coincidentally linked with situations that brought bad luck to certain individuals.

Myths and Legends

Due to the Philippine’s rich culture and history, numerous myths and legends have sprung about things that are beyond one’s imagination.

Heroes and Icons

• Heroes serve as a reminder of true patriotism and nationalism as they have sacrificed their lives for the sake of the country’s freedom and progress • Famous icons also serve as important Filipino markers.

SPIRITUAL SELF

* is one of the four constituents of the “self” according to William James in his book, The Principles of Psychology in 1980.
* The ability to use moral sensibility and conscience may be seen through the expression of religion, its beliefs, and practices.

RELIGION

An individual lives in a society where there are many practices of religion. The choice of religious beliefs lies within the spiritual self. Although the choice maybe influenced by the society and its culture.

anthropomorphic supernatural

belief in spirit and god.

sacred supernatural,

sacred refers to feeling of reverence and awe

supernatural power or energy

is found in supernatural beings as well as physical beings and objects.

The articulation of worldview

and moral codes through narratives and other means.

creation and maintenance

social bonds and mechanism of social control within a community; provide explanation for unknown and a sense of control for individuals.

RITUAL

Performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition or sacred law.

Buddhism

* Buddhism believes that life is not a bed of roses. Instead there are sufferings, pain and frustrations.
* When people suffer, they want to experience the goodness of life and avoid disappointments.

Samatha

practice as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving-kindness

Vipassana

aim at developing insight into reality.

the Dharma.

Acquiring wisdom is by studying the Buddha’s teaching,

Right view

know the truth

Right intention

free your mind of evil

Right speech

say nothing that hurts others

Right action

work for the good of other

Right livelihood

respect life

Right effort

resist evil

Right concentration

practice meditation

Right mindfulness

control your thoughts

Parinirvana Day

most commonly on February 15th. The day commemorates the death of the historical Buddha and his entry into final or complete Nirvana.

Buddha Day

Buddhists all over the world commemorate events of significance to Buddhists of all traditions: The birth, enlightenment, and passing away of Gautama Buddha.

Dharma Day

* marks the day when the Buddha began teaching.
* it’s considered a time to reflect on the qualities of the Buddha and express gratitude for his teachings.

Padmasambhava Day

* venerated as “second Buddha”
* Helped in the construction of the first Buddhist monastery in Tibet

Sangha Day

second most important Buddhist festival. It is a celebration in honour of the Sangha, or the Buddhist community.

Christians

* believes in Trinitarian God.
* One God in three personas: God the Father (Creator), God the Son (Savior) and God the Holy Spirit (Sustainer)

Jesus Christ

is, God the Son, who came into flesh, to spread the Good news of Salvation

Eternal life

after death will be achieved through faith in Jesus Christ.

Holy Bible

is a selection of books, which is divided into two, the Old Testament and New Testament.

Sacrament of Baptism and Sacrament of Communion

are practiced by Christian churches.

Sacrament of Baptism

symbolizes the birth in Christian world.

Sacrament of Communion

is an act of remembrance of Jesus Christ’s sacrificial love.

Sacrament of Eucharist

nourishes our life of faith. Its signs are the bread and wine we receive—the Body and Blood of Christ.

Sacrament of Confirmation

seals our life of faith in Jesus. Its signs are the laying on of hands on a person’s head, most often by a bishop, and the anointing with oil.

Sacrament of Reconciliation

* we receive God’s forgiveness.
* we receive Jesus’ healing grace through absolution by the priest.
* The signs of this sacrament are our confession of sins and the words of absolution.

Anointing of the Sick

unites a sick person’s suffering with that of Jesus and brings forgiveness of sins. Oil, a symbol of strength, is the sign of this sacrament. A person is anointed with oil and receives the laying on of hands from a priest.

Sacrament of Marriage

a baptized man and woman are united with each other as a sign of the unity between Jesus and his Church.

Matrimony

requires the consent of the couple, as expressed in the marriage promises. The couple and their wedding rings are the signs of this sacrament.

Sacrament of Holy Orders

men are ordained as priests, deacons, or bishops. Priests serve as spiritual leaders of their communities, and deacons serve to remind us of our baptismal call to help others.

Christmas

commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ.

Resurrection Sunday

celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ from death.

Hindus

believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death and rebirth, governed by Karma.

Karma

is a concept where the reincarnated life will depend on how the past life was spent.

Vedas

* are sacred scriptures of Hindus.
* collection of hymns and other ancientreligious texts.
* It includes elements such as liturgical material as well as mythological accounts, poems, prayers, and formulas considered to be sacred by the Vedic religion.

Mahabharata and Ramayana

are 2 other important text of the Hindus

Mahabharata

an important source of information on the development of Hinduism between 400 BCE and 200 CE and is regarded by Hindus as both a text about dharma (Hindu moral law) and a history (itihasa, literally “that’s what happened”).

Ramayana

* narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom


* The main purpose of this incarnation is to demonstrate the righteous path (dharma) for all living creatures on earth.

Diwali and Navrati

are the most celebrated festivals of the Hindus.

Diwali

* is the festival of lights
* symbolizes the spiritual "victory of light over darkness, good over evil and knowledge over ignorance"

Navrati/Navratri

is the festival of 9 nights, which celebrate the triumph of good over evil.

Muslims

believe in Allah, who is their “One God”. They believe in the unity and universality of God.

ISLAM

means “willing submission to God”

Mohammed

Muslims believe that _______ is the last and final prophet sent by God.

Angel Gabriel

Mohammed was born in Mecca in 570 CE and received revelations from God through the _____ over a period of 23 years.

Quran

the Holy Book of Islam, which was taught to be recited in Arabic because any translation is seen as inadequate.

Shahadah

statement of faith: “ There is no God but the one true God and Mohammed is his messenger.

Salat

the prayer that is practiced 5 times a day

Zakat

the monetary offering for the benefit of the poor. It comprises the 2.5% of a Muslim’s asset

Hajj

the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslims who can afford are asked to do the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime.

Sawm

the fasting. Muslims do fasting, from food, drink, and sexual act, during the celebration of Ramadan. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. The fast is from dawn to sunset.

Eidul-Fitr

is the celebration at the end of Ramadan

Eidul-Adha

celebrated within the completion of the Hajj.

God of Abraham,

The Jews believe in the ______ the same God that liberated the Hebrew slaves from Egypt to Canaan, the Promised Land through the leadership of Moses and later, Joshua.

Torah

is the guide of the Jewish living. The study and interpretation of Torah is part of the Jewish culture.

DR. VIKTOR E. FRANKL

* Worked on extensive
study of the self.
* Viktor Fankl Institute in
Vienna (1992)
* Father of Logotherapy
* Born on March 26, 1905

LOGOTHERAPY

Aids individual to find personal meaning of life, whatever life situation they may be.

The human being is an entity consisting of body, mind, and spirit

• body (soma)
• Mind (psyche)
• Spirit (noos)

* The body and mind are what we have and the spirit is what we are.

Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable.

“ultimate meaning”

People have a will to meaning.

Main motivation for living and acting

People have freedom under all circumstances to activate the will to find meaning.

• We are free to activate our will to find meaning, and this can be done under any circumstances

• Deals with change of attitudes about unavoidable fate.

Life has a demand quality to which people must

respond if decisions are to be meaningful.

* The meaning of the moment – more practical in daily living than ultimate meaning
* This can be found and fulfilled
* By following the values of society or by following the voice of our conscience.

The individual is unique.

•One’s sense of meaning. •Enhanced by the realization that we are irreplaceable.

PURPOSEFUL WORK

* Holding a future goal.
* It becomes the meaning of theirlife.
* Meaning of life is unique to every individual.

COURAGE IN THE FACE OF DIFFICUTY

* A meaningful life is a life with suffering.
* Suffering is inevitable part of life.
* To find meaning of life is to recognize the suffering, pain, and

death

LOVE

•“love is the only way to grasp another human being in the innermost core of his personality...

• The ultimate secret on the spiritual foundation of life is that love is salvation and joy is eternity.

• The ultimate factor to find meaning of life is love

WILLIAM JAMES

* The Principles of Psychology
* Understanding the self can
be examined through its
different components.

Self-feelings

the feelings and emotions they arouse

Self-seeking & self preservation

the actions to which they prompt

The Material Self

* Primarily about our bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home.
* We are deeply affected by these things because we have put much investments of our self to them.

BODY

* The innermost part of our material self
* Intentionally, we are investing in our ___
* We strive hard to make sure that this ____ functions well and good.
* Any ailment or disorder directly affects us.

CLOTHING

* William James believed that clothing is an essential
part of the material self
* The fabric and the style of the clothes we wear
bring sensations to the body to which directly affect
our attitudes and behavior.
* Form of self-expression

IMMEDIATE FAMILY

* What they do or become affects us.
* When an immediate family member dies, part of our self
dies too.
* When their lives are in success, we feel their victories
* In their failures, we are put to shame or guilt.
* We see them as the nearest replica of our self.

HOME

* is where the heart is
* Earliest nest of our selfhood
* Our experiences inside the home were recorded and marked on particular parts and things in our ____.